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DAM SYNCHRONISATION AND FLOOD RELEASES IN THE ZAMBEZI RIVER BASIN: ANNEX 4 OF FINAL REPORT Intervention Sheet # SUPPORT NEW SAPP INTERCONNECTIONS 4.9 Timeframe: Short term Budget range: Linkages: Annex 4, Chapter 2, Chapter 9 Concept: Improved interaction of energy and water management and its role in flood protection and environmental releases is assisted through investments in the SAPP network. Purpose: Justification: Actions / responsibilities Benefits/ beneficiaries: Means of implementation: Specific assumptions/ risks: Not applicable, part of ongoing activities Establishment of SAPP interconnections between countries releases the pressure on optimal power production at the hydropower sites in the Zambezi River Basin Malawi is not yet connected to the SAPP network and the limited capacity of the SAPP network is a bottleneck for further export from and import to the Zambezi riparian countries, in particular the interconnections in Zimbabwe which is the backbone of the SAPP network. Also, current thermal power plants in the basin need upgrading. The SADC Water and Energy Secretariat can play a role in advocating for better interconnections. Support to the negotiations between the World Bank, Mozambique and Malawi on the interconnector between Mozambique and Malawi Support to enhanced and new SAPP interconnections and refurbishment of thermal power stations The pressure on the optimal power generation in the Shire subsystem will be less if it becomes possible for Malawi to obtain energy from other sources. The interconnector will give flexibility in the management of the Shire River and Lake Malawi levels, and there will be little need for the Mponda Pumping scheme, as the energy security is enhanced. There is a possibility to supply the growing energy demand of Malawi (now 300 MW) with power from Mozambique which also translates to extra income for HCB. The SAPP countries will have less blackouts and the countries with a surplus of hydropower (during certain periods of the year) have more possibilities to export their electricity production. The planned interconnector between Zambia and Tanzania can link the SAPP to the East African Power Pool. Other planned new and enhanced SAPP interconnectors are: Botswana-Zimbabwe, Mozambique-South Africa, DRC-Zambia-Zimbabwe-South Africa,Zimbabwe/Zambia-Botswana. SADC Energy Secretariat, SAPP SADC Energy Secretariat, SAPP Malawi as energy user and Mozambique as energy supplier. HCB and ESCOM. All hydropower producing countries, in particular Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi. All hydropower importing countries (in particular South Africa) The SADC Water Secretariat informs the SADC Energy Sector to take account of the benefits of an improved SAPP network for water management in the implementation of their investments plans. The SADC Energy Sector can communicate to SAPP and to member states to take account of these benefits. Further improvement of the SAPP network may increase the pressure on optimal power production. South Africa may want to import more electricity from the Zambezi hydropower stations. 118
DAM SYNCHRONISATION AND FLOOD RELEASES IN THE ZAMBEZI RIVER BASIN: ANNEX 4 OF FINAL REPORT SUPPORT FORECASTING CENTRE AND DISPATCHING CENTRE FOR SAPP Intervention Budget range: Sheet # Linkages: Concept: Purpose: Justification: Actions / responsibilities Benefits/ beneficiaries: Means of implementation: Specific assumptions/ risks: Comments 4.10 Timeframe: When flow forecasting centre is designed. < 0.5 MUSD for coordination with SAPP Annex 4, Chapter 9, (Chapter 6 for impact on flood risks of sudden opening of spillways, Appendix B for impact on sediments of sudden opening of spillways) Improved interaction of energy and water management and its role in flood protection and environmental releases is assisted coupled with the proposed flow forecasting system and the SAPP Dispatch Centre. Improving the Flow Forecasting Centre to be able to couple with SAPP Dispatch Centre to optimize power production and water management ZAMCOM and SAPP are both regional institutions. If the Zambezi Basin wide flow forecasting centre is established use of this forecasting Centre in conjunction with SAPP operations makes sense. When developing the forecasting Centre Contact, SAPP needs to be involved in an early stage in the design Examples in the rest of the world where dispatch centres and flow forecasting centres are exchanging information, should be consulted. Where floods are expected, power production can increase, with the effect of evening out flows to simulate natural conditions, as opposed to sudden opening of spillways. More natural releases from dams can be used as warning signals to downstream communities ahead of flood causing releases from these dams, besides being good for the ecosystem and sediment management This creates possibilities for saving water in locations in the region where droughts are expected Overall additional hydropower generation can be optimized Advantages for power production may create revenue for Flow Forecasting Centre ZAMCOM secretariat and SAPP ZAMCOM secretariat and SAPP Residents in floodprone areas downstream of dams, Ecosystems downstream of dams Dam operators, dam management beneficiaries Electricity Suppliers, users of electricity Beneficiaries of Flow Forecasting Centre When ZAMCOM develops the flow forecasting centre it makes SAPP aware of this development and takes account of the SAPP requirements in further designs to make it possible to connect to a dispatch centre. Examples of combined flow forecasting and dispatch centres are along the Powell and Campbell Rivers in British Columbia and in North Carolina. Case studies for designs have been published for Three Gorges and Gezhouba in China. 119
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