Understanding Infrared Thermography Reading 3

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Spectral characteristics are exploited in the monitoring of incandescent lamp temperatures during production as illustrated in Figures 4.5, 4.6 and 4.7. Figure 4.5 shows the spectral characteristics of the imaging radiometer as well as the transmission spectra of glass envelopes of various thicknesses. Using a 2.35 μm band pass filter with the instrument allows the instrument to see through the glass and monitor the temperature of critical internal lamp components. Substituting a 4.8 μm high pass filter allows the instrument to monitor the glass envelope temperature. Figures 4.6 and 4.7 are thermograms of the glass envelope and the internal lamp components respectively, recorded in immediate sequence. An important generic example of the need for spectral selectivity is in the measurement of plastics being formed into films and other configurations. Thin films of many plastics are virtually transparent to most infrared wavelengths, but they do emit at certain wavelengths. Polyethylene, polypropylene and other related materials have a very strong, though narrow, absorption band at 3.45 μm. Polyethylene film is formed at about 200 °C (392 °F) in the presence of heaters that radiate at a temperature near 700 °C ( 1292 °F). Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Figure 4.5: Spectral selectivity for measuring the surface and internal temperatures of incandescent lamps 100 ,_ 90 ...,_ 1 Wavelength (J.lm) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Infrared Thermal Testing Reading II
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Infrared Thermography ~-- ... ... .
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Infrared Thermography Charlie Chong
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See Through & Fun Thermal Camera Ex
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How to see through clothing 2 I'
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Apache IR Thermal Weaponry ■ http
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Greek alphabet Letter Name Sound An
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Greek letter l fl 0 I1 p u w Charli
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SGuide-IRT Content Part 1 of 2 ■
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1.1 Introduction to Principles & Th
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The infrared thermal imaging equipm
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The three modes of heat transfer ar
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The three modes of heat transfer ar
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Temperature and Temperature Scales
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Boston Tea Party - New governances
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The Mighty Fahrenheit & ⅝”, Eng
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Absolute zero is equal to - 273.16
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The Fourier conduction Law expresse
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The Fourier conduction Law ( One di
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Convective Heat Transfer Convective
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Figure 1.2: Convective heat flow T
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Newton's cooling law defines the co
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Radiative Heat Transfer Radiative h
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Figure 1.4: Infrared radiation leav
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Thermal infrared radiation impingin
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Reflections off Specular and Diffus
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Reflections off Specular and Diffus
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Radiant Energy Related to Target Su
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The Stefan-Boltzmann law: W= σƐT
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Figure 1.6: Typical blackbody distr
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1.4 Practical Infrared Measurements
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Characteristics of the Target Surfa
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Referring back to Figure 1.5, the t
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Characteristics of the Transmitting
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Figure 1.10; Transmission of 10m (3
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Figure 1.11: Transmission, absorpti
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Figure 1.12: Transmission curves of
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Chapter 1 Review Questions Q&A 1. b
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Q4. Heat can only flow in the direc
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Q10. The follow ing spectral band i
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Q16. In forced convection, the boun
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Q22. In the 8 to 14 μm spectral re
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2.1 Materials Characteristics A kno
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For an emissivity reference table t
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Errors because of point source refl
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View Angle The angle between the in
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Thermal Conductivity Thermal conduc
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Thermal Diffusivity As in emissivit
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Partial 2.1 Table 2.1: d i'ffusivit
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Partial Table 2.2 Table 2.2: Normal
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Chapter 2 Review Questions Q&A 1. c
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4. When measuring the temperature o
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10. A highly textured surface is sa
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3.1 Thermal Instrumentation Overvie
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Thermopile- Thermoelectric Seebeck
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What is a IR Thermopile? (non-conta
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IR Thermopile Quad Sensor (non-cont
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Thermocouple A thermocouple is a te
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Bourdon Gas Thermometers 5 f\G.3 0
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Liquid Crystal Thermometer A liquid
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Bimetallic Thermometers Dial Spiral
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In RTD devices; Copper, Nickel and
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Platinum Resistance Thermometer Cha
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RTD Materials Different materials u
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Operations of RTD An RTD takes a me
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Benefits of Thin Film RTD There are
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Thermistor +V r===~ Op A p V to A I
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3.2 Contacting Thermal Measuring De
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■ Thermocouple Thermocouples are
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■ Thermistors Thermistors arc als
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3.3 Optical Pyrometers Optical pyro
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Pyrometer A pyrometer is a type of
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Brightness Pyrometers -Wien’s Law
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The processing electronics unit amp
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Infrared Detector An infrared detec
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Figure 3.2: Response Curves of Vari
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The mercury cadmium telluride (HgCd
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Infrared Optics - Lenses, Mirrors a
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Field of View (FOV) A field of view
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What is IFOV? A measure of the spat
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Instantaneous Field of View (IFOV)
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3.5 Scanning and Imaging When probl
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Line Scanning When the measurement
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Two-dimensional Scanning - Thermal
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Figure 3.5: Optomechanlcally scanne
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Pyroelectric Vidicon Thermal Imager
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Figure 3.6: Typical uncooled infrar
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IRFPA Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang htt
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3.6 Performance Parameters of Infra
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Performance parameters of qualitati
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Temperature Range Temperature range
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Temperature Sensitivity Temperature
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Speed of Response Speed of response
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Figure 3.7: Instrument speed to res
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Figure 3.8: Instrument field-of-vie
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D ≡ αd D = spot size (approximat
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Output Requirements Output requirem
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Spectral Range Spectral range denot
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Spectrall y selective instrumems us
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Figure 3.9: Spectral response of an
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3.7 Performance Characteristics of
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The total field of view for a line
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Instantaneous Field of View IFOV In
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Recalling! Temperature sensitivity
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IFOV - MTF The 0.35 MTF refers to:
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Fig. 2a. Slit Response Function. Ca
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Minimum Resolvable Temperature Diff
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EXAM score! D=σ∙d IFOV ratio = d
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Answer: D= σ•d, IFOV ration= 1/
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Break Time - Kenya Coffee Picker Ch
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Portable Handheld Devices Charlie C
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Temperature sensitivity and readabi
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Hand Held Infrared Module Charlie C
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Note that the laser beam docs not r
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Emissivity set controls, located in
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IR Sensor Module Charlie Chong/ Fio
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IR Sensor Module Charlie Chong/ Fio
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Two-color Pyrometers or Ratio Pyrom
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Phenomena which are non-dynamic in
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Some ratio thermometers use more th
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Infrared Radiometric Microscopes Ch
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Line Scanners Line scanners are div
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Special Purpose Devices Special pur
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FLIR- Forward Looking Infrared Char
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Typically, the total field of view
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Pyroelectric devices have no direct
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Figure 3.12: Infrared focal plane a
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Infrared focal plane array imager C
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Infrared focal plane array imager C
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On-board capabilities include isoth
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ccc Electron Microscope Image of mi
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Platinum Silicide IrFPA 19 t«lU 98
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Quantitative IR Image Charlie Chong
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Quantitative Thermal Measurements S
Page 277 and 278: In addition to the spot measurement
Page 279 and 280: Stored images can be retrieved, dis
Page 281 and 282: Calibration Accessories Infrared ra
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Page 285 and 286: Q1. The thermal resolution of an in
Page 287 and 288: Q7. The 3 to 5 μm spectral region
Page 289 and 290: Q13. A line scanner can be used to
Page 291 and 292: Q19. For which of the following app
Page 293 and 294: Q25. Two-color (ratio) pyrometers m
Page 295 and 296: Chapter 4 Operating Equipment and U
Page 297 and 298: ■ Emissivity Differences ∆τ Em
Page 299 and 300: Causes of Real Temperature Changes
Page 301 and 302: Mass Transport Differences (Fluid F
Page 303 and 304: Figure 4.1: An indication of water
Page 305 and 306: Thermal Capacitance Differences ∆
Page 307 and 308: ■ Induced Heating Differences (by
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Page 311 and 312: ■ Energy Conversion Differences E
Page 313 and 314: Figure 4.3: Catalytic reformer vess
Page 315 and 316: Infrared Thermogram Energy Conversi
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Page 319 and 320: ■ Combination of Heat Transfer Me
Page 321 and 322: Infrared Thermogram of a running mo
Page 323 and 324: ■ Spectral Considerations in Prod
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Page 331 and 332: Figure 4.7: temperature thermogram
Page 333 and 334: Figure 4.8 shows the transmission s
Page 335 and 336: Figure 4.9: Measuring temperature o
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Page 339 and 340: Figure 4.10: Line scanner for conti
Page 341 and 342: Preparation of Equipment for Operat
Page 343 and 344: If the instrument is out of cal ibr
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Page 347 and 348: Comments: ■ ■ ■ Thermal resol
Page 349 and 350: Figure 4.11 : Test configuration fo
Page 351 and 352: 3. Reduce the ΔT until the image i
Page 353 and 354: ■ Imaging Spatial Resolution Imag
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Page 357 and 358: 5. If the modulation transfer funct
Page 359 and 360: Figure 4.13: Test configuration for
Page 361 and 362: 4. Open slit until V meas = V max .
Page 363 and 364: ■ Learning the Startup Procedure
Page 365 and 366: ■ Setting the Correct Effective E
Page 367 and 368: Figure 4.14: Test configuration for
Page 369 and 370: ■ Measuring and Reporting Tempera
Page 371 and 372: ■ Recognizing and Avoiding Reflec
Page 373 and 374: ■ Measuring the Appropriate Backg
Page 375 and 376: ■ Temperature Differences Between
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Dewar Flask for LN Loosely fitting
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■ Electrical Safety Failure to re
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Table 4.1: Electric shock current t
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4.4 Record Keeping Keeping thorough
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Easily accessible and easily unders
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Q1. Apparent but not real temperatu
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Q5. The higher the temperature of a
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Q9. Differential thermography can b
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5.1 Overview of Applications Becaus
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Electrical Applications Electrical
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High electrical resistance is the m
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Excessive heating due to a defectiv
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Inductive currents flowing with in
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Moisture in Airframes The detection
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Process Control and Product Monitor
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The differences produced by this co
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Night Vision, Seareh, Surveillance,
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Thermogram of helicopter taken at n
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Aircraft Under IR Trap Charlie Chon
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Instruments used for these applicat
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8 to 12 μm spectral region over wh
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Animal Studies Body heat allows inf
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Injured equine foreleg (left) appea
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Work energy is expended by friction
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5.4 Fluid Flow Investigations For s
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Figure 1.7: Thermographs of valve (
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■ Building Insulation and Other F
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Figures 5.8 and 5.9 illustrate thes
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Figure 5.9: Example of air exfiltra
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Example of air exfiltration Charlie
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■ Refractory Systems Industrial s
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Refractory Thermogram Charlie Chong
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■ Subsurface Discontinuity Detect
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Figure 5.11: An example of passive
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The equipment necessary to perform
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Figure 5.12: Example of active (hea
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Typical failure modes of the materi
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Figure 5.13: Test of aircraft deici
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DC - 9 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Figure 5.14: Conceptual sketch of t
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In this case. however, the heat pul
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Figure 5.15: Erosion/corrosion dama
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737 aircraft Charlie Chong/ Fion Zh
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When there has been adequate solar
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Liquid Level Detection Thermal capa
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Unstimulated and Stimulated Approac
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Subsurface Discontinuity Detection
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1. A major area of infrared nondest
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5. The diagnostics involved in dete
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9. Thermography has been successful
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Appendix A Glossary The following a
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Ambient temperature - Temperature o
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Figure A-1 Apparent ambient tempera
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13.Blackbody, blackbody radiator -
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Alas! Heat Capacity Volumetric = C
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27.Detector, infrared - A transduce
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Thermal Effusivity In Thermodynamic
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Alas! Exitance = Rodiosity for my A
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45.Frame repetition rate - The time
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Thermal Inertia Thermal inertia is
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Instantaneous field of View (lFOV)
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Laser pyrometer - Laser pyrometer -
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Figure 3.2: Response Curves of Vari
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Compare: Minimum resolvable tempera
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86.Radiation rererenee source - A b
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101. Sector - For a line scanner, a
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113. Subtense, angular - The angula
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121. Thermal wave imaging - A term
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125. Thermogram - A thermal map or
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Appendix B Cost Benefit Determinati
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Although the calculations are quite
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96 ASNT Level Ill Study Guide: Infr
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Appendix C, Commonly Used Infrared
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Appendix C, Commonly Used Infrared
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Peach - 我爱桃子 Charlie Cho
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Good Luck Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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