Rad Data Handbook 20.. - Voss Associates

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A comparison of signal levels for various counting gases Counting Gas ù Factor Gas Density eV / ion pair (g / L) Air 33.8 1.2928 Ar 26.4 1.8 He 41.3 0.183 H2 36.5 0.09 N2 34.8 1.25 O2 30.8 1.43 CH4 27.3 0.717 Ne 36.2 0.9 Xe 21.5 5.9 Ne + 0.5 % Ar 25.3 0.909 Ar + 0.5 % C 2 H2 20.3 1.75 Ar + 0.8 % CH4 26.0 1.78 Ar + 10 % CH (P-10) 26.0 1.616 4 Use this equation to calculate the current flow in femto-amps for an ion chamber in a 1 mR/hr gamma field. 0.871 x V x P x fill gas g / l T x ù for fill gas A comparison of signal levels for various counting gases Counting Gas ù Factor Gas Density eV / ion pair (g / L) Air 33.8 1.2928 Ar 26.4 1.8 He 41.3 0.183 H2 36.5 0.09 N2 34.8 1.25 O2 30.8 1.43 CH4 27.3 0.717 Ne 36.2 0.9 Xe 21.5 5.9 Ne + 0.5 % Ar 25.3 0.909 Ar + 0.5 % C 2 H2 20.3 1.75 Ar + 0.8 % CH4 26.0 1.78 Ar + 10 % CH (P-10) 26.0 1.616 4 Use this equation to calculate the current flow in femto-amps for an ion chamber in a 1 mR/hr gamma field. 0.871 x V x P x fill gas g / l T x ù for fill gas where; V is chamber volume in cc, P is chamber pressure in mm Hg, 0 T is 273.15 + C, fill gas density in grams per liter, ù for fill gas where; V is chamber volume in cc, P is chamber pressure in mm Hg, 0 T is 273.15 + C, fill gas density in grams per liter, ù for fill gas 64 64 A comparison of signal levels for various counting gases Counting Gas ù Factor Gas Density eV / ion pair (g / L) Air 33.8 1.2928 Ar 26.4 1.8 He 41.3 0.183 H2 36.5 0.09 N2 34.8 1.25 O2 30.8 1.43 CH4 27.3 0.717 Ne 36.2 0.9 Xe 21.5 5.9 Ne + 0.5 % Ar 25.3 0.909 Ar + 0.5 % C 2 H2 20.3 1.75 Ar + 0.8 % CH4 26.0 1.78 Ar + 10 % CH (P-10) 26.0 1.616 4 Use this equation to calculate the current flow in femto-amps for an ion chamber in a 1 mR/hr gamma field. 0.871 x V x P x fill gas g / l T x ù for fill gas A comparison of signal levels for various counting gases Counting Gas ù Factor Gas Density eV / ion pair (g / L) Air 33.8 1.2928 Ar 26.4 1.8 He 41.3 0.183 H2 36.5 0.09 N2 34.8 1.25 O2 30.8 1.43 CH4 27.3 0.717 Ne 36.2 0.9 Xe 21.5 5.9 Ne + 0.5 % Ar 25.3 0.909 Ar + 0.5 % C 2 H2 20.3 1.75 Ar + 0.8 % CH4 26.0 1.78 Ar + 10 % CH (P-10) 26.0 1.616 4 Use this equation to calculate the current flow in femto-amps for an ion chamber in a 1 mR/hr gamma field. 0.871 x V x P x fill gas g / l T x ù for fill gas where; V is chamber volume in cc, P is chamber pressure in mm Hg, 0 T is 273.15 + C, fill gas density in grams per liter, ù for fill gas where; V is chamber volume in cc, P is chamber pressure in mm Hg, 0 T is 273.15 + C, fill gas density in grams per liter, ù for fill gas 64 64
Table 1 of DOE 5400.5 Surface Activity Guidelines Radionuclides Ave Max Removable 125 129 Group 1: Transuranics, I, I, 100 300 20 227 226 228 228 230 231 Ac, Ra, Ra, Th, Th, Pa 90 126 Group 2: Th-natural, Sr, I, 1,000 3,000 200 131 133 223 224 232 232 I, I, Ra, Ra, U, Th 235 238 Group 3: U-natural, U, U, 5,000 15,000 1,000 and associated decay products, alpha emitters 1 Group 4: Beta/gamma emiters 5,000 15,000 1,000 2 Tritium N/A N/A 10,000 1 radionuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or 90 spontaneous fission except Sr and others noted above 2 applicable to surface and subsurface Appendix D of 10CFR835 Total (fixed Nuclide Removable + removable) 235 238 Natural U, U, U, and 1,000 alpha 5,000 alpha associated decay products 226 228 Transuranics, Ra, Ra, 20 500 230 228 231 227 125 129 Th, Th, Pa, Ac, I, I 232 90 223 Natural Th, Th, Sr, Ra, 200 1,000 224 232 126 131 133 Ra, U, I, I, I 1 Beta/gamma emitters 1,000 5,000 2 Tritium 10,000 10,000 1 nuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or 90 spontaneous fission except Sr and others noted above 2 Tritium organic compounds, surfaces contaminated by HT, HTO, and metal tritide aerosols Contamination levels in dpm/100 cm 2 65 Table 1 of DOE 5400.5 Surface Activity Guidelines Radionuclides Ave Max Removable 125 129 Group 1: Transuranics, I, I, 100 300 20 227 226 228 228 230 231 Ac, Ra, Ra, Th, Th, Pa 90 126 Group 2: Th-natural, Sr, I, 1,000 3,000 200 131 133 223 224 232 232 I, I, Ra, Ra, U, Th 235 238 Group 3: U-natural, U, U, 5,000 15,000 1,000 and associated decay products, alpha emitters 1 Group 4: Beta/gamma emiters 5,000 15,000 1,000 2 Tritium N/A N/A 10,000 1 radionuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or 90 spontaneous fission except Sr and others noted above 2 applicable to surface and subsurface Appendix D of 10CFR835 Total (fixed Nuclide Removable + removable) 235 238 Natural U, U, U, and 1,000 alpha 5,000 alpha associated decay products 226 228 Transuranics, Ra, Ra, 20 500 230 228 231 227 125 129 Th, Th, Pa, Ac, I, I 232 90 223 Natural Th, Th, Sr, Ra, 200 1,000 224 232 126 131 133 Ra, U, I, I, I 1 Beta/gamma emitters 1,000 5,000 2 Tritium 10,000 10,000 1 nuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or 90 spontaneous fission except Sr and others noted above 2 Tritium organic compounds, surfaces contaminated by HT, HTO, and metal tritide aerosols Contamination levels in dpm/100 cm 2 65 Table 1 of DOE 5400.5 Surface Activity Guidelines Radionuclides Ave Max Removable 125 129 Group 1: Transuranics, I, I, 100 300 20 227 226 228 228 230 231 Ac, Ra, Ra, Th, Th, Pa 90 126 Group 2: Th-natural, Sr, I, 1,000 3,000 200 131 133 223 224 232 232 I, I, Ra, Ra, U, Th 235 238 Group 3: U-natural, U, U, 5,000 15,000 1,000 and associated decay products, alpha emitters 1 Group 4: Beta/gamma emiters 5,000 15,000 1,000 2 Tritium N/A N/A 10,000 1 radionuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or 90 spontaneous fission except Sr and others noted above 2 applicable to surface and subsurface Appendix D of 10CFR835 Total (fixed Nuclide Removable + removable) 235 238 Natural U, U, U, and 1,000 alpha 5,000 alpha associated decay products 226 228 Transuranics, Ra, Ra, 20 500 230 228 231 227 125 129 Th, Th, Pa, Ac, I, I 232 90 223 Natural Th, Th, Sr, Ra, 200 1,000 224 232 126 131 133 Ra, U, I, I, I 1 Beta/gamma emitters 1,000 5,000 2 Tritium 10,000 10,000 1 nuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or 90 spontaneous fission except Sr and others noted above 2 Tritium organic compounds, surfaces contaminated by HT, HTO, and metal tritide aerosols Contamination levels in dpm/100 cm 2 65 Table 1 of DOE 5400.5 Surface Activity Guidelines Radionuclides Ave Max Removable 125 129 Group 1: Transuranics, I, I, 100 300 20 227 226 228 228 230 231 Ac, Ra, Ra, Th, Th, Pa 90 126 Group 2: Th-natural, Sr, I, 1,000 3,000 200 131 133 223 224 232 232 I, I, Ra, Ra, U, Th 235 238 Group 3: U-natural, U, U, 5,000 15,000 1,000 and associated decay products, alpha emitters 1 Group 4: Beta/gamma emiters 5,000 15,000 1,000 2 Tritium N/A N/A 10,000 1 radionuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or 90 spontaneous fission except Sr and others noted above 2 applicable to surface and subsurface Appendix D of 10CFR835 Total (fixed Nuclide Removable + removable) 235 238 Natural U, U, U, and 1,000 alpha 5,000 alpha associated decay products 226 228 Transuranics, Ra, Ra, 20 500 230 228 231 227 125 129 Th, Th, Pa, Ac, I, I 232 90 223 Natural Th, Th, Sr, Ra, 200 1,000 224 232 126 131 133 Ra, U, I, I, I 1 Beta/gamma emitters 1,000 5,000 2 Tritium 10,000 10,000 1 nuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or 90 spontaneous fission except Sr and others noted above 2 Tritium organic compounds, surfaces contaminated by HT, HTO, and metal tritide aerosols Contamination levels in dpm/100 cm 2 65
Page 1 and 2:
Abbreviations 115 Activity vs Expos
Page 3 and 4:
RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE Wri
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HAZARD CONTROL PRIORITIES DURING ME
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ACUTE RADIATION EFFECTS 0 - 25 REM
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TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Z Density Z D
Page 11 and 12:
Relative Locations of Products of N
Page 13 and 14:
RADIOACTIVE DECAY MODES OF COMMONLY
Page 15 and 16: Progeny kev and % abundance 55 Fe 5
Page 17 and 18: Progeny kev and % abundance 99 Mo 9
Page 19 and 20: Progeny kev and % abundance 208 Tl
Page 21 and 22: Progeny kev and % abundance 229 Th
Page 23 and 24: Progeny kev and % abundance 241 Am
Page 25 and 26: Progeny kev and % abundance Progeny
Page 27 and 28: Progeny kev and % abundance 222 Rn
Page 29 and 30: Neptunium Decay Chain (4n + 1) st 1
Page 31 and 32: Actinium Decay Chain (4n + 3) st 1
Page 33 and 34: Ci / g = 3.578E5 / (T 1/2 in years
Page 35 and 36: Rem/hr / Ci Sv/hr / GBq Half-Life C
Page 45 and 46: mRem/hr mSv/hr 1ì 10ì 100ì 1ì 1
Page 47 and 48: RADIATION BIOLOGY Maximum survivabl
Page 49 and 50: INTERNAL DOSIMETRY Calculating CDE
Page 51 and 52: EQUIVALENT DOSE, EFFECTIVE DOSE, an
Page 53 and 54: CALCULATING TODE AND TEDE TEDE = DD
Page 55 and 56: SHIELDING MATERIALS α a single she
Page 57 and 58: Beta Dose Rates in rad/hr per mCi M
Page 59 and 60: Combining Radiation Types to Determ
Page 61 and 62: NEUTRON SHIELD THICKNESS I = I0e -N
Page 63 and 64: Exposure Rate in an Air-Filled Ion
Page 65: Inverse Square Law 2 2 X 1 (D) 1 =
Page 69 and 70: 6CEN The 6CEN equation can be used
Page 71 and 72: Ventilation Rates Ventilation rates
Page 73 and 74: AIR FLOW METER CORRECTIONS Mass Flo
Page 75 and 76: 10CFR20 DAC 10CFR835 DAC 10CFR20 AL
Page 103 and 104: External Exposure in a Cloud of Air
Page 105 and 106: Characteristic X-Rays (KeV) of the
Page 107 and 108: Z # K K L L 103 Lr 71 Lu 54.06 61.2
Page 109 and 110: COUNTING STATISTICS COUNTING STATIS
Page 111 and 112: ELEVATION VS AIR PRESSURE Barometri
Page 113 and 114: NE Omaha 983 UT Cedar City 5,623 NH
Page 115 and 116: COMPOSITION OF AIR Density of Symbo
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ABBREVIATIONS ampere A, or amp angs
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Mass 1 gram = 0.03527 ounces 1 ounc
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Radiological 1 BTU = 235 1.28E-8 g
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CONSTANTS Avogadro's number (N 0) 6
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ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM Wavelength
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5. Air-proportional alpha detectors
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32 7. The bremsstrahlung from a 1 C
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RULES OF THUMB FOR NEUTRONS 1. The
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Spontaneous Fission Neutron and Gam
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Energy & Yield of neutrons from the
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WG Pu 15 years after fabrication 23
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Isotopic Mix of Natural U 238 U 234
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MISCELLANEOUS RULES OF THUMB 1. One
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PUBLIC RADIATION DOSES Average per
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COMPARATIVE RISKS OF RADIATION EXPO
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Voss Associates provides valuable t
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Rad Data Handbook 20.. - Voss Associates

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