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Endnotes 7 Remembering Rabindranath Tagore 1. Dr. Kalidas Nag, Rabindranath Tagore and Ceylon, Calcutta: Prabasi Press, 1944 ; Sunil Ariyaratne, “An Insight into the Impact of Rabindranath Tagore on Sinhala Art and Music” in Vidyodaya Journal of Social Sciences, III, 1 and 2, 1989, pp. 157 - 65 ; Sirisena Vitanage, Rabindranath Tagore (in Sinhala), Battaramulla: Dept. of Cultural Affairs, 2008 2. Nag. op.cit. p.4 3. Ibid. 4. Ibid. 5. See Anagarika Dharmapala, Dena Gata Yutu Karunu (in Sinhala), Colombo: Mahabodhi Press. 1930 6. Nag. op.cit.p.5 7. Ibid. 8. op. cit. pp. 5-6 9. Kannanagara’s message to the ceremony on the occasion of the presentation of Tagore’s portrait to the Government of Ceylon in 1944. 10. Nag, op.cit. ; Aryaratne. op.cit ; Vitanage, op.cit. 11. Nag, op.cit., p.2 12. Nag, op.cit.; Ariyaratne, op.cit. ; Vitanage, op.cit. 13. Vitanage, op.cit. p. 19 14. Ibid. 15. Vitanage, op. cit. p.21 16. Ariyaratne, op.cit. p. 158 17. Ariyaratne, op.cit. and personal knowledge. 18. Ariyaratne, op.cit. p. 158 19. Martin Wickramasinghe, Nava Padya Sinhalaya, (in Sinhala) Maharagama: Saman, p.152 20. Nag. op.cit. p.2 21. Ediriweera Sarachchandra, Pin Eti Sarasavi Waramak Denne (in Sinhala) Colombo: Dayawansa Jayakodi, 1985. pp. 90 - 112 22. Introduction by H.A.I.Goonetileke to Santiniketanaye Esin ( Through Santiniketan Eyes) in Sinhala and English, ed. Sucharita Gamlath, Colombo: S. Godage & Co. 2001, p.47
“The Inside Story”: Gender and Modernity in Chokher Bali Radha Chakravarty There is a scene in Tagore’s Chokher Bali where the widowed Binodini bursts into Bihari’sbachelor’s abode one evening and begs for his love, asking him not to judge her by conventional norms. “From an account of external happenings, you will not understand the inside story,” she insists (Chokher Bali 252). The “inside story” fascinated Tagore when he created this narrative, announcing in his Preface the advent of the modern Indian novel. What did modernity signify for Tagore, and why did he put these words in the mouth of a female character? In this paper, I explore the evolving relationship between gender and modernity in Tagore’s Chokher Bali. Chokher Bali wasserialized in the periodical Bangadarshan from 1902 to 1903.When the novel was published as a book in 1903, several passages from the original version were omitted.With Tagore’s consent, some of these were restored in the version of the novel that appeared in the first edition of Rabindra Rachanabali(1941), Tagore’s collected works in multiple volumes. The Visva-Bharati edition of Chokher Bali published in 1947 included some more of these excised portions, with Tagore’s approval. Of special significance is theoriginal ending, restored here after it was omitted from the book version of 1903. The narrative focuses on a newly-wed couple, Mahendra and Asha, whose marital bliss is disrupted when a beautiful young widow named Binodini enters their household. Mahendra’s bachelor friend Biharialso gets caught in the web of forbidden desires thatBinodini’s presence generates. Other important figures in the plot are Rajalakshmi, Mahendra’sdominating and over-possessive mother, and Annapurna, his widowed aunt. Binodini blazes a trail of pain and devastation through the entire narrative, until she repents and goes into voluntary exile in Kashi (Benares). Though the text concludes with the reconciliation of Mahendra, Asha and Rajalakshmi, the events that precede this superficial restoration of order leave their mark on every character. Pivotal to the entire narrative is the figure of Binodini, the desiring widow who rebels against her fate. “Am I an inanimate object?” she protests. “Am I not human? Am I not a woman?” (CB 75). Her words resonate with special significance when viewed in the context of Bengal’s history at the turn of the century, when elite, educated Bengalis were wrestling with the problem of constructing a subjectivity commensurate with their altered social scenario. In an essay called “The Condolence Meeting” (1894), marking the demise of Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Tagore argued that contact with European culture was transforming both external conditions and subjective feelings, creating new social needs 8
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Page 6: Contributors Dr. Liyanage Amarakeer
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Page 14: Introduction The year 2011 marks th
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Gitanjali in Translation Kusum Disa
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The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913
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A Bibliography of Rabindranath Tago
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Bibliography - Tagore's Selected Wo
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