grammar of irish.pdf - Cryptm.org

pakt rv] EDIOSIS. 1353. Ip expresses simply that a person or tiling is so, andimplies nothing more. But when the assertion i3 made byCd, there is oj'Un something more implied than is containedin the direct assertion— the idea that the person or thinghas not always been so— has come to be so, &c. Thus, if youlay to me lp peap e, your assertion means nothing more thanthat " he is a man"— not a woman or a coward, &c. If weBee a figure approach in the dark, and that after lookingclose you find it is a man, your correct phraseology is, ip peap6, by which I understand you to mean " it is a man"— not awoman, or a beast, or a ghost.But ifyou say to me ca pe 'n-a peap (" he is in his man"),here I take you to mean — a very different thing that he isnow a man, no longer a boy, grown up to be a man. If Iwere speaking of a person as if he were a mere boy, and thatyou wished to correct this false impression, the properphraseology would be, ca pe 'n-a peap.But though this idea of an implied change is oftencontained in an assertion made by cd, it is not always so; asnf 5-puil ace non Oia arhdin ann, aca 'n-apiop-ppiopaib,there is only one God alone, who is a pure spirit: herethe last assertion is made by cd though there can be nochange.4. Cd is used with 05 to denote possession (Idiom 43) ;ip is used with le to denote ownership (Idiom 44) in;thesetwo applications the two verbs cannot change places.Cd may indeed be used with le, but the idea conveyedis not "belonging to," but "being favourable to:" Do bf6olup leo " (Eolus was with them"^, does not mean thatthey were the owners of Eolus (which would be the meaningif ip had been used), but that "Eolus was favourable tothem"— " was on their side."6. Cd is used with the Irish words for cold, heat, hunger,&c, as in Idiom 3(>; as cd ocpap opm, hunger is in me, lamhungry: here ip canno' be used.is used as in the6. When the comparative of an adjectivefollowing sentences, either verb will answer :— ip paiDbpe 6nd mipe or cd p6 mop paiobpe nd mipe, he is richerthan 1.But when the superlative isemployed, ip, not cd, must beused:— ip e ip peap ip paiobpe pan ouicce e, he is th»richest man in the country.