grammar of irish.pdf - Cryptm.org

CHAP. II.]THE NOUN. 23neap c, strength ; gen. neipc or nipc: peap, a man ; gen.pip: cparm, a tree; gen. cpoirm : bGal, a mouth; gen.b6il or beoil.The three following rules (9, 10, and 11) applyto all the declensions.9. The dative plural ends in lb.This lb corresponds with the Latin dative and ablativetermination idus or bus. It is now very seldom pronounced,but it is nearly always retained in writing; just as in English,gh, which was formerly sounded as a guttural in such words asplough, daughter, is retained in writing, though it is nolonger pronounced.10. The dative plural is formed from the nominativeplural whenever this latter differs from thegenitive singular otherwise from the nominative:singidar.11. The vocative isalways preceded by the particlea or O, which aspirates the initial; as a pip,man; a itind, women; O cfgeapna, Lord.SECOND DECLENSION.1. The second declension comprises most of thefeminine nouns in the language.2. The genitive singular is formed by adding eto the nominative. If the characteristic vowel isbroad, it must be attenuated in accordance withthe rule caol le cool &c.3. The dative singular is formed from the genitivesingular by dropping the final e.4. When the characteristic vowel is broad, thenominative plural is formed from the nominativesingular by adding a when the characteristic;Vowel is slender, by adding e.5. The genitive plural is generally like the nominativesingular.6. The vocative is usually the same as the nominative,and is accordingly omitted from the paradigm.