The 13th Amendment to the C<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong> of Sri Lanka of 1987 introduced Provincial Councils as a new level of regi<strong>on</strong>algovernance resulting in a major shift in government policy to decentralise and devolve many functi<strong>on</strong>s of the CentralGovernment to the Provinces. Provincial Councils are empowered with legislative and executive powers over severalsubject areas including the envir<strong>on</strong>ment, and may, thus, enact laws pertaining to the envir<strong>on</strong>ment within the areaunder its c<strong>on</strong>trol, but they cannot supersede or c<strong>on</strong>flict with laws passed by Parliament (MoENR, 2002).According to a study of Envir<strong>on</strong>mental Governance in Sri Lanka (PILF, 2005) the overall effectiveness of keyenvir<strong>on</strong>mental instituti<strong>on</strong>s at the nati<strong>on</strong>al level for promoting envir<strong>on</strong>mental c<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong> ranked 2 <strong>on</strong> a scale of 0-4..2.1 Instituti<strong>on</strong>al arrangementsThe Ministry of Natural Resources and Envir<strong>on</strong>ment (MoENR) is mandated for: (a) facilitating sustainable developmentby the promoti<strong>on</strong> of sound envir<strong>on</strong>mental management, (b) m<strong>on</strong>itoring and reporting progress of the Nati<strong>on</strong>alEnvir<strong>on</strong>mental Act<strong>on</strong> Plan and its periodic revisi<strong>on</strong>s, and (c) formulati<strong>on</strong> of all nati<strong>on</strong>al policies in relati<strong>on</strong> toenvir<strong>on</strong>mental protecti<strong>on</strong> and management. It is resp<strong>on</strong>sible for preparati<strong>on</strong> and periodic revisi<strong>on</strong> of the Nati<strong>on</strong>alEnvir<strong>on</strong>mental Acti<strong>on</strong> Plan (NEAP). The nati<strong>on</strong>al Biodiversity Secretariat (BDS) (see Chapter 2) functi<strong>on</strong>s under thisministry and is resp<strong>on</strong>sible for facilitating and formulating policies and plans for nati<strong>on</strong>al biodiversity c<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong>,carrying out specific resp<strong>on</strong>sibilities assigned to it in the BCAP and Addendum, ensuring that nati<strong>on</strong>al obligati<strong>on</strong>s underthe <str<strong>on</strong>g>C<strong>on</strong>venti<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>Biological</strong> <strong>Diversity</strong> and the Cartagena Protocol are met with, and that the country participates intraining and/or funding for COP determined activities for implementati<strong>on</strong> of the CBD.The main sectoral instituti<strong>on</strong>s comprise the Forest Department (FD), The Department of Wildlife C<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong> (DWLC),the Central Envir<strong>on</strong>mental Authority (CEA) and the Marine Envir<strong>on</strong>ment Protecti<strong>on</strong> Authority (MEPA) that functi<strong>on</strong>under the MoENR. The policies related specifically to biodiversity c<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong> in forests and wetlands are prepared bythe MoENR together with the relevant sectoral agency. The CEA is the main agency for implementing laws and policiespertaining to general envir<strong>on</strong>mental c<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong>, the FD, and DWLC, Coast C<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong> Department (CCD) and LocalAuthorities deal with formulati<strong>on</strong> and enforcement of laws in their respective spheres. The CCD functi<strong>on</strong>s under theMinistry dealing with fisheries.TABLE 3.1: Nati<strong>on</strong>al level stakeholders for implementing the CBD and the nati<strong>on</strong>al BCAPPrimary Stakeholders*Sec<strong>on</strong>dary stakeholders:Ministries:Ministry of Envir<strong>on</strong>ment and NaturalResources; Ministries dealing withindigenous medicine, Foreign Affairs,Agriculture, Lands, Livestock & Irrigati<strong>on</strong>and fisheries and aquatic resources.Group (i) +Ministries:Plantati<strong>on</strong> industries; Trade; Science &Technology; Power & energy; Educati<strong>on</strong>(and relevant instituti<strong>on</strong>s under it);Tourism; Finance and planning; Urbandevelopment water supply.Group (ii) xMinistries:Ministry dealing withhealthMinistry dealing withtourismMain state instituti<strong>on</strong>sForest Department (FD), Department ofWildlife C<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong> (DWLC), Nati<strong>on</strong>alZoological Gardens (NZG), The Nati<strong>on</strong>alBotanic Gardens (NBG), CentralEnvir<strong>on</strong>mental Authority (CEA), Departmentof Animal Producti<strong>on</strong> & Health (DAPH),Department of Agriculture (DOA) andassociated research instituti<strong>on</strong>s (FCRDI,HORDI, SCPPD, RRDI, etc.) plus otherdivisi<strong>on</strong>s under it; Plant Genetic ResourcesCentre (PGRC) – also under the DOA, butwith special role for ex-situ c<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong>;Department of Export Agriculture (DEA);Urban Development Authority (UDA); CoastC<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong> Department (CCD);Dept ofFisheries & Aquatic Resources (DFAR);Marine Envir<strong>on</strong>mental Protecti<strong>on</strong> AuthorityState instituti<strong>on</strong>sMahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka (MASL)Department of AyurvedaAttorney General’s Department.Legal Draftsman’s DepartmentDepartment of Nati<strong>on</strong>al PlanningThe Police DepartmentMeteorological Department.Sri Lanka Land Reclamati<strong>on</strong> DevelopmentAuthority (SLRDA)The Nati<strong>on</strong>al Science Foundati<strong>on</strong> (NSF)Sri Lanka Standards Institute (SLSI)Sri Lanka Ports Authority (SLPA)Department of Censes & StatisticsRegistrar of Patents and TrademarksRegistrar of PesticidesState instituti<strong>on</strong>sDepartment of SmallIndustriesGeological Survey andMines Bureau (GSMB)AquacultureDevelopment Agency(NAQDA)State TimberCooperati<strong>on</strong> (STC)State instituti<strong>on</strong>s in thetransport sectorState Instituti<strong>on</strong>sdealing with power andenergyFourth Nati<strong>on</strong>al Report to the CBD: Sri Lanka 56
Primary Stakeholders*Sec<strong>on</strong>dary stakeholders:(MEPA); Sri Lanka Customs; Department ofNati<strong>on</strong>al Museums (DNM).Research instituti<strong>on</strong>sNati<strong>on</strong>al Aquatic Resources Research andDevelopment Agency (NARA)Coc<strong>on</strong>ut Research Institute (CRI)Tea Research Institute (TRI)Rubber Research Institute (RRI)Sugarcane Research Institute (SRI).Veterinary Research Institute (VRI)Group (i) +Research institutesUniversities & other academic/researchInstitutes (for educati<strong>on</strong> and research)Council for Agricultural Research Policy(CARP)Bandaranaike Memorial Ayurvedic ResearchInstitute (BMARI)Industrial Technology Institute (ITI)Civil societyEnvir<strong>on</strong>mental NGOs: both Nati<strong>on</strong>al andInternati<strong>on</strong>al that focus specifically <strong>on</strong> theenvir<strong>on</strong>ment.Media instituti<strong>on</strong>s -(press, T.V, radio)Journalists’ fora.Members of the public interested inbiodiversity c<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong> in variousorganisati<strong>on</strong>s.Group (ii) xPrivate sectorInstituti<strong>on</strong>s to berepresented by theChambers of CommerceIndustries (some will beincluded above)Civil Societyrepresented by variousorganisati<strong>on</strong>s that mayimpact <strong>on</strong>envir<strong>on</strong>mental issuessuchas Chambers ofCommerce.Provincial Envir<strong>on</strong>mental ministries Regi<strong>on</strong>al/local:Provincial Councils (PCs); District/Divisi<strong>on</strong>alSecretariats; Local Authorities (LAs);Community Based Organisati<strong>on</strong>s adjacentto forests (CBOs)Source: Adapted from the Thematic Report <strong>on</strong> Biodiversity for the Nati<strong>on</strong>al Capacity Self-needs Assessment Project (MoENR, 2007)* Agencies/instituti<strong>on</strong>s with a mandate for some aspect of biodiversity c<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong>. + Instituti<strong>on</strong>s/organisati<strong>on</strong>s (state or other) withno definite mandate for biodiversity c<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong> in terms of implementing articles of the CBD and the recommendati<strong>on</strong>s of the BCAP,but who should/or have a major role to play in implementing them. * Instituti<strong>on</strong>s/organisati<strong>on</strong>s (state or other) with no mandate forbiodiversity c<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong> in terms of implementing articles of the CBD and the recommendati<strong>on</strong>s of the BCAP, but who may adverselyor positively have major impacts <strong>on</strong> implementing them.The Forest DepartmentThis department is engaged in c<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong> and management of c<strong>on</strong>siderable land under natural forest, including much of thebiodiversity rich Wet Z<strong>on</strong>e forests that are protected. Forest management practice has veered towards biodiversity c<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong>,although it is accepted that complete restricti<strong>on</strong> of the use of forest resources by local people is counter-productive to achievingforest biodiversity c<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong>, except in biologically sensitive areas that require strict protecti<strong>on</strong>. Community participati<strong>on</strong> forforest management in Dry and Intermediate Z<strong>on</strong>e forests is practised, and staff capacity has been built to implement this c<strong>on</strong>cept.Source: Dela, 2003The Department of Wildlife C<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong>This department manages six categories of lands that have been gazetted as Protected Areas under the Fauna and Flora Protecti<strong>on</strong>Ordinance No. 2 of 1937 (FFPO) and its subsequent amendments (see details in Appendix IV). Its missi<strong>on</strong> is “to c<strong>on</strong>serve wildlifeand nature by sustainable utilizati<strong>on</strong> of men, materials and land through participatory management, research educati<strong>on</strong> and lawenforcement and ensure the maintenance of biodiversity and forest cover as exists today.” C<strong>on</strong>sequently, the plans andprogrammes of the DWLC are directly related to Article 8 of the CBD. The DWLC requests an IEE or EIA for developmentalactivities in areas within <strong>on</strong>e mile from the boundary of any Nati<strong>on</strong>al Reserve declared under the FFPO, and is a project approvingagency under the NEA. It also has to prepare draft amendments to the FFPO periodically.Fourth Nati<strong>on</strong>al Report to the CBD: Sri Lanka 57
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Fourth Country Report from Sri Lank
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Strategic goalsScale ofagreementSri
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Strategic goalsScale ofagreementSri
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Ministry of Environment & Natural R
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Appendix II - Further sources of in
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62. Fernando, N. (1997) A Personnal
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133. MoENR, 2007b. The Thematic Ass
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Appendix IIIProgress towards Target
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.2.1 Protected Areas under the DWLC
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National Target (NCSA 3 5.7, 2007)I
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disturbance by over-visitation and
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PoWPA Target: By 2008, sufficient f
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Project (2001-2008)Other Policies,
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B.5 Overview of obstacles for imple