Advanced Calibration Techniques for VNAs

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Data-based Standards: Nominal or CharacterizedModelsModelCompute nominalresponse from nominaldimensionsApproach currently used for Agilent’scommercial 1.85 and 1.0 mm cal kitsNominal databasedmodel(valid for aparticular partnumber)MeasureCharacterize actual responsefor a particular standard(for example, a fixed load)Often used in metrology labsCharacterizeddata-basedmodel(valid for aparticularstandard)Advanced VNA Calibration© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2006 Page M6- 36
Data-Based Standard FileCITIFILE A.01.01#PNA Rev A.01.00#PNA STDTYPE DATABASEDCOMMENT MODEL: 85058-60101COMMENT SERIAL NUMBER: NOMINAL#PNA STDREV Rev A.01.00#PNA STDLABEL "SHORT 1 -M-"#PNA STDDESC "1.85 mm male [SHORT 1]"#PNA STDFRQMIN 0#PNA STDFRQMAX 70000000000#PNA STDNUMPORTS 1COMMENT “1.85 mm" known so #PNA DEFINECONNECTOR statement non neededCOMMENT #PNA DEFINECONNECTOR “1.85 mm" 0 70000000000 COAX#PNA CONNECTOR 1 "1.85 mm” MALECOMMENT PINDEPTH is optional, only applies to coax devices#PNA PINDEPTH 1 0.007 0.007NAME DATACOMMENT This section describes the s parameter data and weightingCOMMENT factor for the calibration standardCOMMENT COVERAGEFACTOR is used to scale the weighting factorCOMMENT S[i,j] is sij for the standard. Supported formats: RICOMMENT U[i,j] is the weighting factor for sij.COMMENT Supported U[i,j] formats: RI, MAG#PNA COVERAGEFACTOR 2COMMENT note number of points is 509 belowVAR Freq MAG 509DATA S[1,1] RIDATA U[1,1] MAGVAR_LIST_BEGIN01000000015000000...70000000000VAR_LIST_ENDBEGIN-1,0-0.99976354927,0.00249289367-0.99970950119,0.00367766097...0.9772034982,-0.14575300423ENDBEGIN0.000280.000280.00028...0.005ENDIgnored when not usedwith expanded calibrationAdvanced VNA Calibration© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2006 Page M6- 37
Page 1 and 2: Advanced Calibration Techniquesfor
Page 3 and 4: Agenda• Overview of Calibration
Page 5 and 6: The Need for CalibrationHow do we g
Page 7 and 8: Systematic Measurement ErrorsRrecei
Page 9 and 10: Performing the Calibration: TRL•
Page 11 and 12: Unknown Thru CalibrationThe “Unkn
Page 13 and 14: Compromises of Traditional Non-Inse
Page 15 and 16: Unknown Thru AlgorithmUnknown thru
Page 17 and 18: Two-Port Unknown Thru Calibration S
Page 19 and 20: Unknown Thru Example Using Attenuat
Page 21 and 22: dBCable Movement ErrorCable Movemen
Page 23 and 24: Magnitude (dB)Comparing Unknown and
Page 25 and 26: Measuring Devices with Non-Aligned
Page 27 and 28: 4-Port Unknown Thru with Different
Page 29 and 30: Unknown Thru for Different Waveguid
Page 31 and 32: Traditional Polynomial-Based Models
Page 33 and 34: Calibration Standard Modeling Proce
Page 35: Benefits of Data-Based Standards•
Page 39 and 40: Advantage of Measuring More Than 3
Page 41 and 42: Factors That Contribute to Weightin
Page 43 and 44: F lush S hor t d BF lush S hor t P
Page 45 and 46: A irline S hor t d BD eviation f ro
Page 47 and 48: Offset Load Calibration Advantages
Page 49 and 50: DirectMeasurementModelingError Corr
Page 51 and 52: Automatic Port Extensions - Step 1
Page 53 and 54: Measurement ResultsDelay and loss c
Page 55 and 56: Which Standards Should I Use?• Fo
Page 57 and 58: Narrowband APE ExampleAPE with shor
Page 59 and 60: Summary of Automatic Port Extension
Page 61 and 62: Order of Fixturing Operations• Fi
Page 63 and 64: Differential Port MatchingAdvanced
Page 65 and 66: Two-Port De-Embedding.s2p file1 2Fi
Page 67 and 68: Two Versus Four Port Embedding /De-
Page 69 and 70: How Do I Get My Probe De-Embedding
Page 71 and 72: Measuring Probes Using Adapter-Remo
Page 73 and 74: Measuring Probes Using Unknown Thru
Page 75 and 76: What is Electronic Calibration?•
Page 77 and 78: Agilent’s “ECal” Line of Elec
Page 79 and 80: User Characterization: Using Adapte
Page 81 and 82: User Characterization: Applying Fix
Page 83 and 84: Summary (continued)• Two-tier TRL
Page 85 and 86: Additional Resources• Application

Advanced Calibration Techniques for VNAs

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