Advanced Calibration Techniques for VNAs

Offset Load Calibration Advantages• Provides higher directivity and load match accuracy when the definitionof the offset is better known than the load definition• Does not require a dual reflectometer VNA as it uses SOLT error modelinstead of TRL error model• Ideal for 1-port calibrations• Also helpful in situations where calibration planes cannot physicallymove, such as fixed probe or waveguide positions, where TRLcalibrations are difficult• Waveguide offset-load standard caninclude loss term (especially valuablenear cutofffrequency)ProbeProbeProbeProbeAttenuation constantin WR-159 waveguideNot a goodTRL standardAdvanced VNA Calibration© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2006 Page M6- 47