Advanced Calibration Techniques for VNAs

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Summary (continued)• Automatic-port extensions are simple to perform for mediumaccuracymeasurements of fixtured components• Software fixture tools allow port-impedanceconversions, embedding, de-embedding, andmixed-mode S-parameter measurements ofsingle-ended and balanced devices• Electronic calibration is a simple, fastand accurate way to calibrate networkanalyzers in a variety of applicationsAdvanced VNA Calibration© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2006 Page M6- 84
Additional Resources• Application note 1287-11 “Specifying Calibration Standards and Kits forAgilent Vector Network Analyzers”, 5989-4840EN• Magazine article “Latest Advances in VNA Accuracy Enhancements”,Dave Blackham, Ken Wong, Microwave Journal, July, 2005• Agilent Web links:–Network analyzer calibration: www.agilent.com/find/nacal–PNA network analyzers: www.agilent.com/find/pna–PNA-L network analyzers: www.agilent.com/find/pnal–ECal electronic cal modules: www.agilent.com/find/ecal–PNA Help Online: na.tm.agilent.com/pna/help/PNAWebHelp/help.htm–Cal kit definitions: na.tm.agilent.com/pna/caldefs/stddefs.htmlAdvanced VNA Calibration© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2006 Page M6- 85
Page 1 and 2:
Advanced Calibration Techniquesfor
Page 3 and 4:
Agenda• Overview of Calibration
Page 5 and 6:
The Need for CalibrationHow do we g
Page 7 and 8:
Systematic Measurement ErrorsRrecei
Page 9 and 10:
Performing the Calibration: TRL•
Page 11 and 12:
Unknown Thru CalibrationThe “Unkn
Page 13 and 14:
Compromises of Traditional Non-Inse
Page 15 and 16:
Unknown Thru AlgorithmUnknown thru
Page 17 and 18:
Two-Port Unknown Thru Calibration S
Page 19 and 20:
Unknown Thru Example Using Attenuat
Page 21 and 22:
dBCable Movement ErrorCable Movemen
Page 23 and 24:
Magnitude (dB)Comparing Unknown and
Page 25 and 26:
Measuring Devices with Non-Aligned
Page 27 and 28:
4-Port Unknown Thru with Different
Page 29 and 30:
Unknown Thru for Different Waveguid
Page 31 and 32:
Traditional Polynomial-Based Models
Page 33 and 34: Calibration Standard Modeling Proce
Page 35 and 36: Benefits of Data-Based Standards•
Page 37 and 38: Data-Based Standard FileCITIFILE A.
Page 39 and 40: Advantage of Measuring More Than 3
Page 41 and 42: Factors That Contribute to Weightin
Page 43 and 44: F lush S hor t d BF lush S hor t P
Page 45 and 46: A irline S hor t d BD eviation f ro
Page 47 and 48: Offset Load Calibration Advantages
Page 49 and 50: DirectMeasurementModelingError Corr
Page 51 and 52: Automatic Port Extensions - Step 1
Page 53 and 54: Measurement ResultsDelay and loss c
Page 55 and 56: Which Standards Should I Use?• Fo
Page 57 and 58: Narrowband APE ExampleAPE with shor
Page 59 and 60: Summary of Automatic Port Extension
Page 61 and 62: Order of Fixturing Operations• Fi
Page 63 and 64: Differential Port MatchingAdvanced
Page 65 and 66: Two-Port De-Embedding.s2p file1 2Fi
Page 67 and 68: Two Versus Four Port Embedding /De-
Page 69 and 70: How Do I Get My Probe De-Embedding
Page 71 and 72: Measuring Probes Using Adapter-Remo
Page 73 and 74: Measuring Probes Using Unknown Thru
Page 75 and 76: What is Electronic Calibration?•
Page 77 and 78: Agilent’s “ECal” Line of Elec
Page 79 and 80: User Characterization: Using Adapte
Page 81 and 82: User Characterization: Applying Fix
Page 83: Summary (continued)• Two-tier TRL
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Advanced Calibration Techniques for VNAs

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