Advanced Calibration Techniques for VNAs

Factors That Contribute to WeightingAccuracy ofstandard model(relative or actual)Proximity toother standardsPart of standard definitionFirmware algorithmdetermines proximityNormalizedweighting factor(normalized so thatlargest weight equals 1)• Data-based standards use actual reported accuracy• Polynomial standards use relative accuracy model,defined over full frequency range of the connector• Mixing actual and relative accuracy within a particularcalibration kit may lead to less-than-optimal resultsAdvanced VNA Calibration© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2006 Page M6- 41