The preparation of this compound was by the same method as for 59 using 70(4.21 g, 17.40 mmol), K 2 CO 3 , (6.01 g, 43.5 mmol), and (2S)-(+)-glycidyl tosylate,58, (3.97 g, 17.39 mmol), to yield 60 as a pale yellow oil, 3.71 g, 74%, rf: 0.21. 1 HNMR (CDCl 3 ): δ 6.82 (4 H, s, Ar-H); 4.14 (1 H, dd, J = 3.2, 11.04 Hz, -HCH-);4.06-4.04 (2 H, m, -OCH 2 -); 3.86 (1 H, dd, J = 5.7, 11.04 Hz, -HCH); 3.82-3.79 (2H, m, -OCH 2 -); 3.71-3.64 (6 H, m, -OCH 2 -); 3.59-3.57 ( 2 H, m, -OCH 2 -); 3.32-3.28(1 H, m, -CH-O-); 2.87 (1 H, t, J = 4.48 Hz, -HCH-O-); 2.71 (1 H, dd, J = 2.68, 4.91Hz, -HCHO-); 2.15 (1 H, br s, OH). 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 ): δ 153.15 (1 C, Ar, ipso);152.75 (1 C, Ar, para); 115.53 (2 C, Ar, meta); 115.48 (2 C, Ar, ortho); 72.39 (1 C,CH 2 -CH 2 OH; 70.66 (1 C, -CH 2 -OCH 2 CH 2 OH); 70.24 (1 C, -CH 2 -OCH 2 CH 2 OAr);69.71 (1 C, -CH 2 CH-); 69.35 (1 C, -CH 2 -CH 2 OAr); 67.87 (1 C, -CH 2 -OAr); 61.61 (1C, -CH 2 -OH); 50.14 (1 C, -CH-); 44.56 (1 C, -CH 2 -OCH 2 -).[α] 25 D = +2.35 o (c 2.13,MeOH).7.9 Synthesis of the mono-protected cyclen synthon1,4,7-triformyl 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 5252This compound was synthesised by a method previously established byBoldrini, 131 and modified by Yoo. 109 To a stirred solution of cyclen, 21, (1.0 g 5.80mmol), in anhydrous ethanol (30 cm 3 ), chloral hydrate, (3.84 g, 23.20 mmol), was132
added in a single portion. The mixture was stirred at 60 o C for 4 h under a drynitrogen atmosphere, concentrated in vacuo to complete dryness and subsequentlyheld under vacuum (0.75 mmHg) for 2 days to yield 52 as a clear, resinous, oil 1.46g, quantitative. 1 H NMR (CDCl 3 ): δ 8.30-7.82 (3H, br, HC=O ), 3.90-2.65 (17H, br,cyclen). 13 C (CDCl 3 ): δ 164.01-162.89 (3C, -CHO), 53.10-40.00 (8C, cyclen -CH 2 ).1,4,7-triformyl-10-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 5353The synthesis of 53 was effected by applying a method reported by Yoo. 109 To asolution of 52 (682 mg, 2.7 mmol, pH 9) dissolved in de-ionised water, benzylchloroformate, 54, (710 mg, 4.15 mmol), was added and the mixture was stirred for 1h at ambient temperature, after which the pH was adjusted from 4 to 10 withsaturated Na 2 CO 3 solution. Benzyl chloroformate, 54, (710 mg, 4.15 mmol), wasadded and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at ambient temperature, after which the pHwas adjusted from 6 to 10 with saturated Na 2 CO 3 solution. Benzyl chloroformate, 54,(710 mg, 4.15 mmol) was again added and the mixture was stirred overnight atambient temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere. The product was extracted withdichloromethane, (5 x 20 cm 3 ), and the combined organic layers were washed withsaturated NaHCO 3 (1 x 10 cm 3 ), dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated in vacuo toobtain crude 53 as a yellow oil, 583 mg which was used in the triformyl deprotectionstep without further purification.133
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Silica Immobilised MetalIon Activat
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ABSTRACTImmobilisation of functiona
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DECLARATIONI certify that this thes
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EtOHGPDMSGPDMESGPSGPTSethanolglycid
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CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION
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The focus of this work was to prepa
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sequestering anions has proved to b
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ange of pH due to its high basicity
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nitrophenol or p-nitrophenolate wit
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It has been shown by NMR and crysta
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within the cavity of a p-tert-butyl
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60 in 0.5% DMSO-MeCN (v/v). 82 The
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synthesised bi- tri- and tetra - π
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adopt a trans-III conformation, whe
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amide oxygen atoms on the pendant a
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apparent there is, nonetheless, evi
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However, hetero-N-substitution on t
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Si-OH +- OH SiO - + H 2 OFor surfac
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35This material was obtained with a
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OOSiOHOROR OSiOHOOOSiOSiOSiOSiOSiOS
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Tetraaza metal complexes immobilise
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CHAPTER TWOSYNTHESIS OF MACROCYCLIC
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In addition, successful immobilisat
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3233Figure 2.3Reaction of 3-(glycid
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The methodology chosen was adapted
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agreed with literature values. 109R
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XS HO O H61, n = 262, n = 3n+ClOSO6
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anhydrous ethanol, Scheme 2.7. The
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75Figure 2.5 Structure of (S)-(-)-p
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metal ion coordination the pendant
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CHAPTER THREEGUEST MOLECULE INCLUSI
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3.1 where K A is the association, o
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0.5cχG∆δ∆δGbaχ GFigure 3.1S
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χG∆δ∆δGFigure 3.4 Job's Plot
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The downfield movement of the guest
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arm framework. The relative magnitu
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This phenomenon correlates well wit
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non-classical hydrogen bonding is g
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The full set of logK values obtaine
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such that they would indicate precl
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CHAPTER 4MODIFICATION OF THE SILICA
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Chemical modification of the silica
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GPTSGPDMESFigure 4.4Schematic depic
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GPS, 33, linker material with an ex
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free νOHτSiOHνSi-O-SiδH 2 Oasym
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224, 225the surface silanol groups.
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esonances, the spectrum for Si-GPS-
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- Page 117 and 118: methoxy group, as portrayed by the
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- Page 145 and 146: A solution of 69 (2.00 g, 10.1 mmol
- Page 147: Bn, meta); 127.79 (1 C, Bn, para);
- Page 151 and 152: dioxane): δ 158.67 (1 C, C=O); 135
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- Page 181 and 182: Si-GPS-[Cd(Trac)(2,5-diydroxybenzoa
- Page 183 and 184: REFERENCES
- Page 185 and 186: 15. D. Tzalis and Y. Tor, Tetrahedr
- Page 187 and 188: 42. A. P. Davis and R. S.Wareham, A
- Page 189 and 190: 69. R. J. Bergeron, M. A. Channing
- Page 191 and 192: 93. C. B. Smith, A. K. W. Stephens,
- Page 193 and 194: 118. D. D. Dischino, E. J. Delaney,
- Page 195 and 196: 144. X. Huang, X. Chang, Q. He, Y.
- Page 197 and 198: 169. J. M. Klunder, T. Onami and K.
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197. K. A. Connors, Binding Constan
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221. J. Blumel, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
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247. W. Likussar and D. F. Botz, An