wr2014_web_0

WORLD REPORT 2014shield protecting the military from civilian oversight. And despite this constitutionalexercise, the military acted as if unconstrained by any rights at all.The military-dominated authorities used excessive lethal force to break upMuslim Brotherhood sit-in protests in Cairo, indiscriminately and in some casesdeliberately killing up to 1,000 people. They rounded up thousands of MuslimBrotherhood leaders and rank-and-file members and detained them, sometimeswithout acknowledging their detention, frequently on trumped-up or no charges.They officially designated the Muslim Brotherhood a terrorist organization, exposingits members to criminal sanctions and even the death penalty, and seizing itsassets. They also froze the assets of affiliated medical centers and threatened totake over Brotherhood mosques and replace their preachers.The government adopted a law banning demonstrations without official permission,which it showed no inclination to grant. It deepened the military’s autonomybeyond anything Mubarak had ever allowed and worse even than Morsy’s permissiveapproach. And despite many liberals misguidedly backing these measures, itbegan turning its repressive attention to the secular activists who had been at theforefront of the original Tahrir Square movement three years earlier. For the secondtime since the fall of Mubarak in February 2011, a government is in powerwith little apparent inclination to limit itself by respecting basic rights.Tunisia offered proof that Egypt could have taken a different path. In 2011 electionsto the National Constituent Assembly, Tunisia’s first free elections, theIslamist Nahdha party won a plurality of the vote, well ahead of others. Despite astalled economy and political polarization, the major political parties across thespectrum negotiated compromises that preserve important rights. In the draftconstitution, they removed provisions referring to the “complementary” role ofwomen, which could undermine gender equality, and criminalizing attacks on“sacred values,” a vague provision that could be used to penalize peacefulexpression. A draft law on “immunization of the revolution” was abandoned toavoid excluding people from political life who have no history of criminal conductmerely because of their past political affiliations.The hubris of claiming to speak for a majority without regard for rights could befound in other countries as well. In Turkey, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoganhas repeatedly won a parliamentary majority, but his method of ruling has8