wr2014_web_0

ASIAJudicial Activism and IndependencePakistan’s judiciary remains an independent but controversial actor. Despitethe adoption of a National Judicial Policy in 2009, access to justice remainspoor, as case backlogs mount throughout the country. The courts are rife withcorruption.Judges often use suo motu proceedings—the court acting on its own motion—tohelp people gain access to justice. In other cases, the judiciary has used suchproceedings to interfere with legislative or executive powers, part of a longstandingpower struggle between Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry, the government,and the army.The Supreme Court was active in raising enforced disappearances and governmentabuses in Balochistan in 2013, yet did not hold any high-level military officialsaccountable, demonstrating the limits of judicial independence in a statein which the military is the most powerful actor.Judges also continued to muzzle media and other criticism of the judiciarythrough threats of contempt of court proceedings. The judiciary’s conduct cameunder severe criticism during the election campaign when judges tried to disqualifypolitical candidates in violation of Pakistan’s international human rightscommitments, using vague and discriminatory laws requiring candidates to bepious Muslims, and although repealed in 2009, to be university graduates.Chief Justice Chaudhry, who took a leading role in acting against those criticalof the judiciary, retired from office in December.BalochistanThe human rights crisis in the mineral-rich province continues unabated. As inprevious years, 2013 saw enforced disappearances and killings of suspectedBaloch militants and opposition activists by the military, intelligence agencies,and the paramilitary Frontier Corps. Baloch nationalists and other militantgroups stepped up attacks on non-Baloch civilians.The government of Nawaz Sharif attempted to achieve reconciliation in theprovince after the election of Baloch nationalist leader Malik Baloch as chiefminister. However, the military continued to resist government reconciliationefforts and attempts to locate ethnic Baloch who had been subject to “disap-369