<strong>Fort</strong> <strong>Knox</strong> <strong>Mine</strong> <strong>Technical</strong> <strong>Report</strong>Construction of <strong>the</strong> <strong>Fort</strong> <strong>Knox</strong> mine and mill operations began in 1995 and werecompleted in 1997. Commercial production at <strong>Fort</strong> <strong>Knox</strong> was achieved in March 1997,and <strong>the</strong> property has operated continuously since start up. Construction of <strong>the</strong> mine wascompleted at a capital cost of approximately $373 million, which included approximately$28 million of capitalized interest.<strong>Fort</strong> <strong>Knox</strong> is mined as a conventional truck and shovel open pit mine. The deposit hasyielded slightly less than 163 million tonnes (179.6 M tons) of ore containing 4.61 millionounces of gold since 1996.After acquiring ownership of <strong>the</strong> True North property in 1999, <strong>Kinross</strong> completed preproductioncapital expenditures, primarily permitting and <strong>the</strong> building of a haulage roadto <strong>the</strong> <strong>Fort</strong> <strong>Knox</strong> mill. Commercial production at True North was achieved on April 1,2001, but is currently suspended.In 2006, <strong>Kinross</strong> <strong>Gold</strong> began negotiations with <strong>the</strong> National Oceanographic andAtmospheric Administration (NOAA), <strong>the</strong> Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and <strong>the</strong>State of Alaska’s Trust Land Office (TLO) to acquire a section of land bordering <strong>the</strong>existing claim group on <strong>the</strong> western boundary of <strong>the</strong> existing <strong>Fort</strong> <strong>Knox</strong> pit. Acquisitionof <strong>the</strong> land package was completed on December 31, 2007, allowing <strong>for</strong> a Phase 7 pitexpansion.24
<strong>Fort</strong> <strong>Knox</strong> <strong>Mine</strong> <strong>Technical</strong> <strong>Report</strong>7.0 GEOLOGICAL SETTINGThe <strong>Fort</strong> <strong>Knox</strong> property is located in <strong>the</strong> Fairbanks mining district, a southwest–nor<strong>the</strong>asttrending belt of lode and placer gold deposits that comprise one of <strong>the</strong> largest goldproducing areas in <strong>the</strong> state of Alaska. The Fairbanks district is situated in <strong>the</strong>northwestern part of <strong>the</strong> Yukon–Tanana - Uplands. The Yukon – Tanana terraneconsists of a thick sequence of poly-metamorphic rocks that range from Precambrian toupper Paleozoic. The polymetamorphic protoliths were primarily sedimentary, volcanic,and volcanoclastic units, with only minor plutonic rocks. The region has undergone atleast two periods of dynamo - <strong>the</strong>rmal metamorphism, which included an early progradeamphibolite event, followed by a retrograde, greenschist facies event (Bundtzen, 1981).A more complex de<strong>for</strong>mational history identifying four phases of penetrative tectonismhas been suggested by Hall, 1985.The Fairbanks Schist, which is Proterozoic to lower Paleozoic, is <strong>the</strong> dominant lithologyin <strong>the</strong> district. It is composed of quartz-muscovite schist, muscovite-feldspar-quartzschist, micaceous quartzites, metaconglomerate, garnet - hornblende amphibolite, andmarble, indicative of an emergent shelf environment. The Cleary Sequence consistingof bimodal meta-rhyolite and meta-basalt with actinolite schist, chlorite schist, graphiteschist, and impure marbles is intercalated with <strong>the</strong> Fairbanks Schist, indicating immaturerift basins in <strong>the</strong> shelf environment. Geological work per<strong>for</strong>med in 1996 has led toreassigning <strong>the</strong> meta-rhyolite in <strong>the</strong> Cleary Sequence to <strong>the</strong> Devonian MuskoxSequence and placing it in fault contact with <strong>the</strong> Fairbanks Schist. In <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn part of<strong>the</strong> district, metamorphosed rocks of <strong>the</strong> Chatanika terrane have been identified. Thesequence includes type C eclogites, impure marbles, amphibolites, calc-muscoviteschist, garnet-muscovite schist, and muscovite schist, containing garnet, biotite, chloriteand graphite. The Chatanika unit in fault contact with <strong>the</strong> Fairbanks Schist is thought tobe middle Paleozoic to Ordovician and may represent a telescoped, mature rift basinwithin <strong>the</strong> shelf environment. Amphibole from <strong>the</strong> Chatanika unit yielded an OrdovicianK-Ar date (Robinson, 1990). Figure 7-1 illustrates <strong>the</strong> location of <strong>the</strong> <strong>Kinross</strong> projectswithin this geologic setting.25