NJDEP - NJGS - First Annual Report of the Geological Survey of the ...

62 i ination's upon the Sides of hills where they have beeh cut into,*, • . ," Ishow the same order that is found m the lower'grounds t6 thesouth of them ; and the same fact is Observed in the banks ofstreams which cut thrbugb the layers. • _ , "t From the fossils'foundqn these beds geologists have deter-mined that the marls and the clays north of them, ar/d betweenthem and the red sandstone, belong to.the cretaceous or chalkformati0n,_ and that the beds on the so'utherrt border of the.. marl belong to the tcrtiffry. _The sands and some.of the.clayssouth Ofthese, are prbbably of more recent origin• ".. The general principles stated above, are all exemplified inEastern Monmouth i the clays are'found.on its north side, themarls across the centre, and the sands on the southern side•I. The clays occupy the county between the northwest.lineof the county and the northern sides of the hills Which extendfrom the Nevisink to Mount Pleasant, and on to near Englishtown.On the 'shores of Sandy Hook and Rarltan Bay,.theclay is thickly covered with sand. In the "_alleys betweensome of the" hills mentioned, it extends considerably furthersouth. It is almbst black when wet, but is gray When dry.It contains a good deal of mieaceous, sand. The trunks andbranches cf trees, in the form of lignite, arc found in it ingreat quantities, and frequently_associated with sulphuret andsulphate of iron Irregular streaks of green marl are alsofound m lt;'m some places enough to make it valuable as amanure. Characteristic fossils are also found. Thd examinationsmade thus far have not been sufficient to furn!sh'preeised.eseriptions 0f the position 0r' qualities 9f the different layersor even. of the beds of this stratum.t• 'II." The marls are found in various parts of the countryfrom the south line of the ela_s to a line drawn from the Ati'. * A "formation," in geology, ia "that eolhetiov, or assemblage of beds orvayen, strata or I ,, portions • of, earth or mmerals,/vhieh, seem to have' i been . ," formed ° .at he same epoch,.and to have the same general character8 of composition andlodgffment," (Webster.) In this report I will use theterms stratum, bed, andit Jtlhyel_,for tha sneee_sivesubdivision_ ' thus dividing tha formation into strata,each erratum into "bedB," and each I?edinto "layere."NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY