Tuolumne River Report - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

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TUOLUMNE RIVER TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEEHABITAT RESTORATION PLAN FOR THE LOWER TUOLUMNE RIVER CORRIDOR LIST OF FIGURESLIST OF FIGURESFigure 2-20. Cross section at RM 35.5 showing fossilized pre-NDPP bankfull channeland floodplain surface in gravel-bedded reach. ...............................................................39Figure 2-21. 1993 example alternate bar sequence in gravel-bedded reach, (RM 38). .......................41Figure 2-22. 1950 photo of dredger tailings upstream of Roberts Ferry (RM 43). ............................42Figure 2-23. 1993 example alternate bar sequence in sand-bedded reach near theSan Joaquin River confluence (RM 4.5). .........................................................................43Figure 2-24. 1993 example alternate bar sequence in sand-bedded reach immediatelydownstream of the gravel-to-sand bedded transition (RM 23). ......................................44Figure 2-25. A generalized riparian hardwood life cycle showing life stages andmortality agents that affect life stages. ............................................................................47Figure 2-26. Conceptual role of channel migration in creating spatially and temporallycomplex riparian corridor habitat. ...................................................................................48Figure 2-27. 1937 photo near the confluence of the San Joaquin River, showing oxbowsand scroll-bars, bank erosion, and the range of riparian age classes. ..............................49Figure 2-28. Conceptual historical cross-section near Shiloh Bridge (RM 3.5). ...............................50Figure 2-29. Riparian corridor widths in 1937 and 1993, starting at the TuolumneRiver’s confluence with the San Joaquin River (RM 0.0) and endingjust upstream of the New La Grange Bridge (RM 51.5). ................................................53Figure 2-30. Conceptual existing cross-section near Shiloh Bridge (RM 3.5). ..................................54Figure 2-31. Life cycle of the Tuolumne River fall-run chinook salmon showing how majorstages in their life history relate to typical annual runoff patterns. ................................56Figure 2-32. Conceptual cross section through a spawning riffle to show the effects of flowvariation on distributing spawning area to lateral margins of the channel. .....................59Figure 2-33. Daily average flows during chinook salmon spawning season (Oct 1-Dec 20) forunimpaired water years 1947-1956, and for Regulated water years 1973-1982. ..........60Figure 2-34. Magnitude and timing of the first fall storms of each water year of record,showing minimal differences between waer year classes. ..............................................61Figure 2-35. Historical chinook salmon escapements, showing trends in populationbooms and crashes. ...........................................................................................................63Figure 2-36. Idealized alternate bar sequence showing location of habitat featuresused by chinook salmon. ..................................................................................................64Figure 2-37. Location of salmon redds in riffle 3A (RM 49.4), showing use of riffle andpool tail habitat for spawning, and a preference for lateral (margin) zones....................66Figure 2-38. Aerial photograph from March 1950, showing the alternate barsequence at RM 38.0. .......................................................................................................67Chapter 3Figure 3-1.Figure 3-2.Typical bedload impedance reach, where instream aggregate extraction pittraps all bedload transported from upstream reaches. .....................................................78Location of tracer rock experiments and bed mobility modeling in thegravel-bedded zone, Tuolumne River. ..............................................................................81Figure 3-3. Tuolumne River at La Grange streamflows during tracer rock experiments. ................82Figure 3-4. Delineation of total sediment load generated from a given watershed. ..........................87Figure 3-5. M.J. Ruddy reach data collection sites (RM 34.6 to 37.6). ............................................95Figure 3-6. M.J. Ruddy mitigation site, Cross section 60+61. ..........................................................96Figure 3-7. M.J. Ruddy 4 Pumps site, Cross section 67+53. ............................................................96Figure 3-8. M.J. Ruddy 4 Pumps site, Cross section 79+61. ............................................................97Figure 3-9. M.J. Ruddy 4 Pumps site, Cross section 88+10. ............................................................97Figure 3-10. M.J. Ruddy 4 Pumps site, Cross section 94+97. ............................................................98Figure 3-11. M.J. Ruddy 4 Pumps site, Cross section 99+14. ............................................................98Figure 3-12. M.J. Ruddy 4 Pumps site, Cross section 107+71. ..........................................................99Figure 3-13. Tuolumne River 1996 longitudinal profiles from river mile RM 34.6 to 37.8. .............99Figure 3-14. Thalweg and water surface profiles through the M.J. Ruddy 4-Pumpsrestoration site, RM 36.8 to 37.7. ................................................................................ 100viii
Figure 3-15. Natural two-stage channel (A), and impact of encroached channel, (B),and unconfined channel, and (C) on shear stress and bedload transport. ..................... 101Figure 3-16. Shear stress distribution on Trinity River cross sections confinedby riparian encroachment............................................................................................ 102Figure 3-17. Shear stress distribution on Trinity River cross sectionsin unconfined restored reaches. .................................................................................... 102Figure 3-18. Cross section survey at Old La Grange Bridge (RM 50.5) showing channeldowncutting resulting from the January 1997 flood (60,000 cfs). .............................. 103Figure 3-19. Cross section at New La Grange Bridge (RM 49.9) showing channeldowncutting resulting from January 1997 flood (60,000 cfs). .................................... 104Figure 3-20. Longitudinal profiles of Tuolumne River downstream of Old BassoBridge before and after the January 1997 flood (60,000 cfs),illustrating scour and loss of riffles due to channel confinement. .............................. 105Figure 3-21. Conceptual evolution of pool-riffle morphology in confined reachesof the Tuolumne River. .................................................................................................. 106Figure 3-22. Tuolumne River annual hydrograph for 1970 with hypothetical hydrographmodifications to improve geomorphic processes. ........................................................ 110Figure 3-23. Tuolumne River annual hydrograph for 1980, with hypothetical hydrographmodifications to improve geomorphic processes. ........................................................ 110Figure 3-24. Tuolumne River annual hydrograph for 1982, with hypothetical hydrographmodifications to improve geomorphic processes. ........................................................ 111Figure 3-25. Tuolumne River annual hydrograph for 1983, with hypothetical hydrographmodifications to improve geomorphic processes. ........................................................ 111Figure 3-26. Tuolumne River annual hydrograph for 1984, with hypothetical hydrographmodifications to improve geomorphic processes. ........................................................ 112Figure 3-27. Tuolumne River annual hydrograph for 1986, with hypothetical hydrographmodifications to improve geomorphic processes. ........................................................ 112Figure 3-28. Tuolumne River annual hydrograph for 1995, with hypothetical hydrographmodifications to improve geomorphic processes. ........................................................ 113Figure 3-29. Tuolumne River annual hydrograph for 1996, with hypothetical hydrographmodifications to improve geomorphic processes. ........................................................ 113Figure 3-30. Aggregate resource areas and permitted reserves identified on theTuolumne River by Higgins and Dapras (1993) between RobertsFerry (RM 40) and La Grange Dam (RM 52). ............................................................... 116Figure 3-31. Gravel inventory sites identified on the Tuolumne River between RobertsFerry (RM 40) and La Grange Dam (RM 52). ............................................................... 118Figure 3-32. Gravel inventory sites identified in the Merced River dredger tailings, nearSnelling CA. ....................................................................................................................119Figure 3-33. Basso Bridge vegetation transect location (RM 47.0). ................................................ 131Figure 3-34. Santa Fe vegetation transect location (RM 22.5). ........................................................ 132Figure 3-35. Confluence vegetation transect location (RM 0.5). ..................................................... 133Figure 3-36. Cross section survey and location of riparian vegetation at BassoBridge vegetation transect (RM 47.0). ......................................................................... 134Figure 3-37. Basso Bridge vegetation transect (RM 47.0). .............................................................. 135Figure 3-38. Relationship of cottonwood and valley oak trunk diameters to rootingelevations at Zanker model transect. ............................................................................ 136Figure 3-39. Cross section survey and location of riparian vegetation at Santa Fevegetation transect (RM 22.5). ..................................................................................... 137Figure 3-40. Photographs of Santa Fe vegetation transect (RM 22.5).............................................. 138Figure 3-41. Cross section survey and location of riparian vegetation at Confluencevegetation transect (RM 0.5). ...........................................................................................139Figure 3-42. Photographs of Confluence vegetation transect (RM 0.5). ..............................................140LIST OF FIGURESix
Page 1 and 2: Habitat Restoration Plan for theLow
Page 4 and 5: TUOLUMNE RIVER TECHNICAL ADVISORY C
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CHAPTER 2TUOLUMNE RIVER TECHNICAL A
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TUOLUMNE RIVER TECHNICAL ADVISORY C
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CHAPTER 2TUOLUMNE RIVER TECHNICAL A
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CHAPTER 3100Elevation (ft)110105100
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CHAPTER 3104Elevation (ft)195190185
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CHAPTER 3108Table 3-8. Wy 1970-1997
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134Relative elevation (ft)140130120
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CHAPTER 3136Relative elevation (ft)
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ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT5. ADAPTIVE MANA
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ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENTmonitoring progr
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ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENTWILDLIFE POPULAT
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ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT• Distribution
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REFERENCESREFERENCESAlderdice, D. F
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REFERENCESKjelson, M. A., P. F. Raq
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REFERENCESTID (Turlock Irrigation D
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APPENDIX AAPPENDIX AANNUAL HYDROGRA
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APPENDIX A30,00028,00026,00024,0002
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APPENDIX BAPPENDIX BTUOLUMNE RIVER
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VEGETATION SERIESNATURAL DIVERSITY
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VEGETATION SERIESNATURAL DIVERSITY
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Nature Conservancy Heritage Program
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215Scientific Name Common Name Loca
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APPENDIX BAPPENDIX B217
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Tuolumne River Report - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

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