Tuolumne River Report - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

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TUOLUMNE RIVER TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEEHABITAT RESTORATION PLAN FOR THE LOWER TUOLUMNE RIVER CORRIDORTable 2-10. Fishes of the lower Tuolumne River observed since 1981 in TID/MID fishery studies. N=Native.CHAPTER 2Petromyzontidae - lampreysPacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata (Gairdner, 1836)river lamprey, Lampetra ayresi (Gunther, 1870)Acipenseridae - sturgeonswhite sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus (Richardson, 1836)Clupeidae - herringsAmerican shad, Alosa sapidissima (Wilson, 1811)threadfin shad, Dorosoma petenense (Ghnther, 1867)Cyprinidae - carps and minnowscommon carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758)goldfish, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)golden shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchell, 1814)hitch, Lavinia exilicauda (Baird & Girard, 1854)Sacramento blackfish, Orthodon microlepidotus (Ayres, 1854)Sacramento splittail, Pogonichthys macrolepidotus (Ayres, 1854)hardhead, Mylopharodon conocephalus (Baird & Girard, 1854)Sacramento pikeminnow, Ptychocheilus grandis (Ayres, 1854)red shiner, Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard, 1853)fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas (Rafinesque, 1820)Catostomidae - suckersSacramento sucker, Catostomus occidentalis (Ayres, 1854)Ictaluridae - bullhead catfisheswhite catfish, Ameiurus catus (Linnaeus, 1758)brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus (Lesueur, 1819)black bullhead, Ameiurus melas (Lesueur, 1819)channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1918)Salmonidae - troutschinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum, 1792)rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)Poeciliidae - livebearerswestern mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard, 1853)Atherinidae - silversidesinland silverside, Menidia beryllina (Cope, 1866)Cottidae - sculpinsprickly sculpin, Cottus asper (Richardson, 1836)riffle sculpin, Cottus gulosus (Girard, 1854)Percichthyidae - temperate bassesstriped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792)Centrarchidae - sunfishesblack crappie, Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur, 1829)white crappie, Pomoxis annularis (Rafinesque, 1818)warmouth, Lepomis gulosus (Cuvier, 1829)green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus (Rafinesque, 1819)bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus (Rafinesque, 1819)redear sunfish, Lepomis microlophus (Gunther, 1859)largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede, 1802)smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu (Lacepede, 1802)Percidae - perchesbigscale logperch, Percina macrolepida (Stevenson, 1971)Embiotocidae - surfperchestule perch, Hysterocarpus traski (Gibbons, 1854)NNNNNNNNNNNNNNAll Species: 37Native Species: 1474
LINKING PHYSICAL PROCESSES AND SALMON LIFE HISTORYupon which proposed restoration objectives arebased (see Section 2.3). Restoring these attributescan occur within pre-existing humansocioeconomic and infrastructural constraints(e.g., a regulated water supply and land use withinthe river corridor), as will be shown in section 3.2regarding flood releases for channel maintenancepurposes. Restoring the Attributes will restore andhelp sustain the myriad of habitats needed tosupport the native populations that inhabit theTuolumne River, including habitats essential forsalmon production. These Attributes were used togenerate the following hydrologic and geomorphicrestoration objectives, and allowed us topredict the expected benefits to chinook salmon:A. Encourage inter-annual and seasonal flowvariability.Considering adaptations in the life history ofchinook salmon and other organisms to specificenvironment conditions will allow us to use theseadaptations to our advantage. For example,varying flows during spawning would make thebest use of available habitat by distributing fishand encouraging use of all available habitat.Restoring alternate bar sequences would providequality rearing habitat at a variable range offlows. This restoration strategy is already acknowledgedto a limited extent by the use ofspring and fall pulse flows for improvingoutmigration and immigration conditions.B. Increase the magnitude and frequency ofshort duration peak flows to initiate bedmobility and localized scour/deposition.Mobilizing bed surfaces exposes fine sediment fordownstream transport and deposition on floodplainsurfaces, which, combined with reduced finesediment supply and increased coarse sedimentsupply, should reduce fine sediment storage andincrease the quality and quantity of spawning andfry rearing habitat.Combining coarse sediment introduction withchannel reconstruction (restoring bedloadimpedance reaches) will help restore bedloadrouting downstream, thereby replenishingspawning gravels and gravel bars throughout thegravel-bedded reaches.Restoring flows of sufficient magnitude andfrequency to inundate contemporary and restoredfloodplain surfaces will deposit fine sedimentsderived from the low water channel onto floodplainsurfaces instead of in spawning gravel, andwill encourage floodplain development/processes.C. Increase the magnitude and frequency of peakflows to initiate bed scour on alluvialdeposits along the low water margin toreduce riparian encroachment.Mobilization of exposed bar surfaces will discouragefossilization of short-term alluvial deposits byreducing riparian encroachment along the lowwater channel margins, preserving these marginsfor fry rearing habitat, and maintaining theavailability of gravel/cobble storage deposits foreventual downstream routing.D. Increase coarse sediment input to balancemainstem transport capacityRestoring coarse sediment supply (particularlyspawning gravels between 8 mm to 128 mm) inthe gravel-bedded reaches will provide immediatespawning and rearing habitat, and will eventuallyroute downstream to replenish other bars.Introducing clean gravels, combined withreducing fine sediment input, will increasespawning and rearing habitat quality and quantity,increasing juvenile production.Cleaner alluvium (reduced silt and sandembeddedness) will also improve aquatic invertebratehabitat and prouctivity, the primary foodresource for juvenile salmon.E. Reduce fine sediment input into the river.Reducing fine sediment input to the river,particularly near La Grange, will improvespawning and rearing habitat conditions, andincrease the longevity of gravel quality improvementefforts.Reducing fine sediment input, combined with highflows that transport and deposit fine sedimentonto floodplain surfaces, will reduce instreamstorage of fine sediment, increase pool depth,improve spawning and rearing habitat quality, andimprove salmon emergence and rearing success.CHAPTER 275
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Habitat Restoration Plan for theLow
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TUOLUMNE RIVER TECHNICAL ADVISORY C
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134Relative elevation (ft)140130120
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CHAPTER 3136Relative elevation (ft)
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ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT5. ADAPTIVE MANA
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ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENTmonitoring progr
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ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENTWILDLIFE POPULAT
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ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT• Distribution
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REFERENCESREFERENCESAlderdice, D. F
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REFERENCESKjelson, M. A., P. F. Raq
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REFERENCESTID (Turlock Irrigation D
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APPENDIX AAPPENDIX AANNUAL HYDROGRA
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APPENDIX BAPPENDIX BTUOLUMNE RIVER
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VEGETATION SERIESNATURAL DIVERSITY
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VEGETATION SERIESNATURAL DIVERSITY
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Nature Conservancy Heritage Program
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215Scientific Name Common Name Loca
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APPENDIX BAPPENDIX B217
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