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11 Functions of variance components 173/ component 3 (from first line of .pin), that is, genetic variance / phenotypicvariance.CorrelationCorrelations are requested by lines in the .pinfile beginning with an R. The specific form ofthe directive isF phenvar 1:3 + 4:6R phencorr 7 8 9R gencorr 4:6R label a ab b√This calculates the correlation r = σ ab / σaσ 2 b 2 and the associated standard error.a, b and ab are integers indicating the position of the components to be used.Alternatively,R label a:n√calculates the correlation r = σ ab / σaσ 2 b2 for all correlations in the lower triangularrow-wise matrix represented by components a to n and the associatedstandard errors.var (r) = r 2 [ var ( σa2 )4σ 2 a 2+ var ( σb2 )4σ 2 b2+ var (σ ab)σ 2 ab+ 2cov ( σa2 ) σ2b4σaσ 2 b2− 2cov ( σa2 )σab2σaσ 2 ab− 2cov (σ ab) σ 2 b2σ ab σ 2 b]In the exampleR phencorr 7 8 9calculates the phenotypic covariance by calculatingcomponent 8 / √ component 7 × component 9 where components 7, 8 and 9 arecreated with the first line of the .pin file, andR gencorr 4:6calculates the genotypic covariance by calculatingcomponent 5 / √ component 4 × component 6 where components 4, 5 and 6 arevariance components from the analysis.