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15 Examples 302Animal modelIn this section we will illustrate the use of .ped files to define the genetic pedigreestructure between animals. This is an alternate method of estimating additivegenetic variance for these data. The variance matrix of the animals (sires, damsand lambs) for which we only have data on lambs is given byvar (u A ) = Σ A ⊗ A −1where A −1 is the inverse of the genetic relationship matrix. There are a totalof 10696 = 92 + 3561 + 7043 animals in the pedigree. The ASReml input file ispresented below. Note that this model is not equivalent to the sire/dam/littermodel with respect to the animal/litter components for gfw, fd and fat.Multivariate Animal modeltag !Psiredam !Pgrp 49sexbrr 4litter 4871age wwt !m0 ywt !m0 # !M0 identifies missing valuesgfw !m0 fdm !m0 fat !m0coop.fmt # read pedigree from first three fieldscoop.fmt !DOPATH $1 !CONTINUE !MAXIT 20 !STEP 0.01# $1 allows selection of PATH as a command line argument!PATH 3!EXTRA 4 # Force 4 more iterations after convergence criterion met!PATHwwt ywt gfw fdm fat ~ Trait Tr.age Tr.brr Tr.sex Tr.age.sex,!r Tr.tag ,at(Tr,1).dam, at(Tr,2).dam, -at(Tr,3).dam .003,at(Tr,1).lit, at(Tr,2).lit, at(Tr,3).lit, at(Tr,4).lit,at(Trait,1).age.grp .0024,at(Trait,2).age.grp .0019,at(Trait,4).age.grp .0020,at(Trait,5).age.grp .00026,at(Trait,1).sex.grp .93,at(Trait,2).sex.grp 16.0,at(Trait,3).sex.grp .28,at(Trait,5).sex.grp 1.18,!f Tr.grp1 2 3 # One multivariate R structure, 3 G structures0 0 0 # No structure across lamb records# First zero lets ASReml count te number of recordsTr 0 US#General structure across traits7.66