Destinacija - Adria Airways

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ADRIA AIRWAYSVse, kar vas zanima o letalstvuV tokratni številkiodgovarja kapitanIztok Kavčič nazanimivo vprašanje,kako nevarni sotrki ptic in letal.Fotografija: Jože KovačičPtice, predvsem tiste, ki so spretne letalke, predstavljajo letalcem sinonim za letenje.Občudujemo njihovo sposobnost jadranja in se ne moremo načuditi, kakospretno izkoriščajo termične vzgornike, ko brez posebnega gibanja kril prepotujejorazdalje in pridobivajo višino. Včasih, ko želimo izraziti, kako spreten je kdood pilotov, rečemo, da »leti kot ptica«.Fotografija: Rok BeličV slovenskem prostoru jadralni piloti pogosto letijo – jadrajo s svojimi elegantnimi jadralnimi letaliskupaj s pticami, kot so orli, sokoli, kragulji, kanje in druge ujede, ki niso prav nič plašne in se počutijokot gospodarji »svojega« neba. Včasih se celo zgodi, da ta del svojega sveta branijo z napadanjemjadralnega letala, kar pa se za ptice zaradi trka ne konča vedno najbolje.Do trka s pticami prihaja tudi pri potniških letalih. Piloti se zaradi velike hitrosti potniških letal temtrkom ne moremo izogniti. Večinoma se trki dogajajo v prostoru v bližini letališč in na nižjih višinah.Letališča, predvsem v velikih mestih, so s svojimi velikimi travnatimi površinami oaza z obilico hraneza vse vrste ptic, tudi ptic selivk, ki v velikih jatah oblegajo letališča v času migracije.14
Everything You Wantedto Know About AviationMorda ste slišali za primer izpred dobrih treh let,ko je letalo pri poletanju z letališča v New Yorkuvletelo v jato gosi. Po odpovedi obeh motorjevsta pilota z odličnostjo izvedla manever pristajanjana reki Hudson. Mislim, da je to edini primerv potniškem prometu, ko je prišlo zaradi ptic dopopolne odpovedi obeh motorjev. Seveda sopoškodbe odvisne od velikosti in količine ptic, kipriletijo v letalo oziroma motor. Večje ptice, kotže omenjene ujede, so za letalo nevarnejše, vendartudi redko sekajo pot letala. Večinoma pritrku z letalom le delno poškodujejo trup letala,če pa vletijo v motor, le-ta povsem ne odpove.Poškodbe so navadno takšne, da lahko nadaljujelet in ga varno zaključi s pristankom.Izdelovalci letal, predvsem letalskih motorjev,namenijo veliko inženirskega časa in denarjaza raziskovanje vpliva udarcev ptic. Prednjideli letala in vetrobranska stekla v kokpitu,ki so najbolj izpostavljeni, so ojačani in takoprilagojeni, da v primeru trka s ptičem ne pridedo poškodb oziroma da so le-te čim manjše.Letalske motorje preizkušajo na testih pri polnimoči delovanja tudi s tem, da vanje izstreljujejovečje zamrznjene ptice. Tak letalski motor morakljub poškodbam še vedno delovati v mejahstrogih standardov. Glede na rezultate testovnato izdelovalci motorjev po potrebi prilagodijokonstrukcijo motorja in s tem zagotovijo varnostpotnikov in letala.Svoj delež pri preprečevanju trkov ptic z letaliopravijo tudi letališča. S pravilno tempiranokošnjo trave omogočajo, da je na travnikih čimmanj semen in mrčesa, hrane, ki privablja ptice.Uporabljajo tudi avdio-vizualne pripomočke, kiplašijo ptice in jih s tem odganjajo z letališč. Nanekaterih letališčih, pred leti tudi na ljubljanskem,občasno uporabljajo za plašenje ptictrenirane sokole, ki so s svojo prisotnostjo strahin trepet manjšim pticam.Vam in pticam želim čim bolj miren let in vas donaslednje številke lepo pozdravljam.Kapitan Iztok Kavčič,vodja flote AirbusP. S. Kaj pa vas zanima o letalstvu? Vaša vprašanjapričakujemo na elektronskem naslovuinflightmagazine@adria.si.In this issue, Captain Iztok Kavčič answers theinteresting question of how dangerousa collision between a bird and anaeroplane really is.Birds, particularly the species thatexcel at flying, are seen by pilots asa synonym for flying. We admiretheir gliding skills and are endlesslyfascinated by their ability to takeadvantage of thermal columns inorder to travel long distances andgain altitude while hardly movingtheir wings. If we want to emphasisea pilot’s skills, we sometimes even saythat he/she “flies like a bird”.In the Slovenian airspace, glider pilots can oftenbe found flying their elegant gliders – soaringthrough the air with birds such as eagles,falcons, hawks, buzzards and other birds ofprey, none of which are particularly shy and allof which like to behave as masters of the sky.Sometimes they even try to defend this part oftheir world by attacking the glider, but these collisionstend to end badly for the birds.Bird strikes can also happen with passengerplanes. Because they travel at very high speeds,pilots are unable to prevent such collisions. Mostbird strikes happen in the vicinity of airportsand at lower altitudes. The expanses of grasssurrounding an airport are a veritable oasisfor birds, providing them with an abundanceof food, particularly when it comes to airportsnear large cities. They attract all species of birds,including migratory birds, which descend onairports in large numbers as the time for migrationapproaches.You may have heard of a case about three yearsago when a plane was struck by a flock of geeseseconds after taking off from an airport in NewYork. After both engines gave out, the two pilotsexpertly landed the plane on the Hudson River.I believe that that is the only case in passengerair travel history when a bird strike caused bothengines to break down completely. Obviouslythe damage depends on the size and numberof birds that collide with the aeroplane or theengine. Larger birds such as the birds of preymentioned above pose a greater danger forthe plane, but it is also very rare for them toencounter a plane. Most of the time, birds onlycause slight damage to the fuselage if they collidewith a plane; if they strike an engine, it doesnot give out completely. Most of the time, anydamage caused allows the plane to continuethe flight and to land safely.Aeroplane manufacturers and manufacturersof aeroplane engines in particular spend a lotof time and money researching the effects ofbird strikes. The front parts of the plane andthe cockpit windows – the most exposed parts– are reinforced and modified to minimisethe potential for damage in the event of acollision. One of the ways in which aeroplaneengines are tested is by running them at fullthrust and firing large frozen birds at them.Even if damaged, these engines must continueto operate within the limits prescribed by strictstandards. Based on the test results, enginemanufacturers modify the engine structure inorder to ensure the safety of the plane and thepassengers on it.Airports also do their share to prevent birds collidingwith planes. By mowing the grass at theright intervals, they reduce the amount of seedsand insects to be found in the meadows, thusminimising the attraction for birds. They also useaudiovisual devices to scare birds away from theairport. At some airports – the Ljubljana airportwas one of them until some years ago – theyeven use trained falcons, whose very presence isenough to drive fear into any smaller birds.I wish you – and the birds – a calm and pleasantflight. See you in the next issue.Captain Iztok KavčičAirbus Fleet Chief PilotP. S. What would you like to know aboutaviation? Send us your questions to the emailaddress inflightmagazine@adria.si.15
Page 1 and 2: Adria AirwaysIn-flight MagazineVaš
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Page 8 and 9: Novosti - newspoletni voznired in n
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Page 13 and 14: www.jadran.siPodarite Baci, podarit
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Page 21 and 22: Jože Kovačič,CRJ-200/900 Co-Pilo
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Among the vineyardsAmong the Vineya
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svoboden kot pticaAdria Airways Cre
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