266 Yinfeng Xu and Wenqiang DaiThe fact that E 4 (S) is the subgraph of MW T (S), but no algorithm is found to computeE 4 (S) in polynomial time, leads to the following problem.Old Problem 5: Is it possible to find the intersection of all local optimal triangulations in a polynomialtime?For a given edge e, we may ask a question as whether there is a local optimal triangulationT L (S) such that e is an edge of T L (S). To observe an edge e in E 4 (S), we may know that e isin any local optimal triangulation of S and for any edge e ′ with endpoints in S interests e, e ′can not be in any local optimal triangulation. Let E ′ 4 (S) <strong>de</strong>note the set of edges do not in any4-optimal triangulation for point set S, and E4 ∗ (S) = {e | there is a local optimal triangulationT (S) such that e ∈ T (S)}. From the <strong>de</strong>finition of E 4 (S), E ′ 4 (S) and E∗ 4 (S), we haveE(S) = E ′ 4(S) ∪ E ∗ 4(S), E 4 (S) ⊂ E ′ 4(S), E 4 (S) ∩ E ′ 4(S) = φ, E ′ 4(S) ∩ E ∗ 4(S) = φIf any one of E 4 (S), E ′ 4 (S), E∗ 4 (S) can be computed in polynomial time then we may computethe another two in polynomial time easily. So the following problem is interesting.New Problem 3: How to test whether there is a local optimal triangulation contains a given edge e?2.4 Pseudo-triangulationA pseudo-triangle is a simple polygon with exactly three vertices where the inner angel is lessthan π. A pseudo-triangulation of a point set S is a partition of the interior of the convex hull ofS into a set of pseudo-triangles.In many ways, pseudo-triangulations have nicer properties than classical triangulations ofa point set [2,19]. Among them, a minimum pseudo-triangulation of a points set is one with thesmallest possible number of edges and a minimum weight pseudo-triangulation (MW P T ) is apseudo-triangulation which minimizes the sum of the edge lengths. No result is known aboutthe complexity of computing a MW P T of a given point set S, and a similar problem arisesfor finding a pseudo-triangulation within a given triangulation.New Problem 4: Whether to find a MW P T is NPC?New Problem 5: How to find a MW P T as a subgraph of a given triangulation?2.5 Mesh GenerationGenerating triangular meshes is one of the fundamental problems in computational geometry,and has been extensively studied; see e.g. the survey article by Bern Eppstein [5]. In view ofthe field of application, it is quite natural to consi<strong>de</strong>r mesh generation problem un<strong>de</strong>r someoptimal criteria. Recently, we consi<strong>de</strong>r the problem of a mesh generation with some edgelength constraints. Among the most fascinating and challenging, we mention the following.New Problem 6: For given real numbers α ≤ β ≤ γ, and a convex polygon P , how to find a triangulation,T (P ), of P such that the inner edge length in T (P ) is in the interval [α, γ] and the number ofedges with edge length different from β is minimum?In [23], we have presented a heuristics to generate a triangular mesh for a special case ofthe above problem, but for a general case, this problem is still open.
Optimal Triangulation: Old and New Problems 2673. ConclusionWe give a list of unsolved problems related with optimal triangulations both from the theoreticaland the application aspects, and show some partial results on the problems in the paper.To keep our attention on the practical aspects of computing for computational geometry, somenew challenge problems on optimal triangulations need to be solved.References[1] O. Aichholzer, F. Aurenhammer and R. Hainz, New results on MW T subgraphs, Information ProcessingLetters, 69, 215-219,1999.[2] O. Aichholzer, D. Or<strong>de</strong>n, F. Santos and B. Speckmannt, On the number of pseudo-triangulations of certainpoint sets, In Proc. CCCG’03, 141-144, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 2003.[3] E. Anagnostou and D. Corneil, Polynomial-time instances of the minimum weight triangulation problem,Computational Geometry: Theory and Application, 3,247-259, 1993.[4] F. Aurenhammer, Voronoi diagrams-a survey of a fundamental geometric data structure, ACM ComputingSurveys, 23, 345-405, 1991.[5] F. Aurenhammer and Y. F. Xu, Optimal triangulations, In PM. Pardalos and CA. Floudas, editor, Encyclopediaof Optimization, volume 4, 160-166, Kluwer Aca<strong>de</strong>mic Publishing, 2000.[6] M. Bern, H. E<strong>de</strong>lsbrunner, D. Eppstein, S. Mitchell and T. S. Tan, Edge insertion for optimal tiangulations,Dist. Comput. Geom, 10, 47-65, 1993.[7] M. Bern and D. Eppstein. Mesh generation and optimal triangulation, In : D. -Z. Du and F Hwang, editors,Computing in Eucli<strong>de</strong>an Geometry, Lecture Notes Series in Computing 4, World Scientific, Singapore, 47-123, 1995.[8] M. Bern and D. Eppstein, Approximation algorithms for geometric problems, In D. S. Hochbaum, editors,Approximation Algorithms for NP-hard Problems, 290-345, PWS , 1995.[9] P. Bose, L. Devroye and W. Evans, Diamonds are not a minimum weight triangulation’s best friend, In Proc.CCCG’96, 68-73,1996.[10] S. W. Cheng, M. J. Golin and J. C. F. Tsang, Expected-case analysis of β-skeletons with applications to theconstruction of minimum-weight triangulations, In Proc. CCCG’95, 279-283, 1995.[11] S. W. Cheng, N. Katoh and M. Sugai, A study of the LMT-skeleton, in Proc. ISAAC’96, LNCS 1178, Springer-Verlag, 256-265, 1996.[12] D. Eppstein. Approximating the minimum weight triangulation, Disc. and Comp. Geometry, 11, 163-191, 1994.[13] S. Fortune, Voronoi Diagrams and Delaunay triangulations, in: D. -Z. Du and F. Hwang, ed., Computing inEucli<strong>de</strong>an Geometry, Lecture Notes Series in Computing 4, World Scientific, Singapore, 225-265, 1995.[14] P. D. Gilbert, New results in planar triangulation, report R-850, Coordinated Science Laboratory, University ofIllinois, 1979.[15] G. T. Klincsek, Minimal triangulations of polygonal domains, Ann. Discrete Math, 9, 127-128, 1980.[16] H. Meijer and D. Rappaport, Computing the minimum weight triangulation for a set of linearly or<strong>de</strong>redpoints, Information Processing Letters, 42, 35-38,1992.[17] A. Mirzain, C. A. Wang and Y. F. Xu, On stable line segmets in triangulations, in: Proc. CCCG’96, 68-73, 1996.[18] F. P. Preparata and M. I. Shamos, Computational Geometry: An Introuduction, Springer-Verlag, 1985.[19] G. Rote, Pseudotriangulations, polytopes, and how to expand linkages, In Proc of the 18th annual symposiumon Computational Geometry, 133-134, 2002.[20] Y. F. Xu, Minimum weight triangulation problem of a planar point set, Ph.D. Thesis. Institute of Applied Mathematics,Aca<strong>de</strong>mia Sinica, Beijing, 1992.[21] Y. F. Xu, On stable line segments in all triangulations, Appl. Math. -JCU, 11B,2, 235-238, 1996.[22] Y. F. Xu, Minimum weight triangulations, In D. -Z. Du and P. M. Pardalos, editors, Handbook of CombinatorialOptimaization (Vol. 2), Kluwer Aca<strong>de</strong>mic Publishers, 617-634, 1998.[23] Y.F.Xu, W.Q.Dai, N. Katoh and M. Ohsaki, Triangulating a convex polygon with small number of nonstandardbars, to appear in Proc. COCOON05, 2005.[24] Y. F. Xu and D. Zhou, Improved heuristics for the minimum weight triangulation, Acta Mathematicae ApplicataeSinica 4(11), 359-368, 1995.
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ContentsPrefaceiiiPlenary TalksYaro
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ContentsviiFuh-Hwa Franklin Liu, Ch
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14 Bernardetta Addis and Sven Leyff
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16 Bernardetta Addis, Marco Locatel
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18 April K. Andreas and J. Cole Smi
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28 Charles Audet, Pierre Hansen, an
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30 János Balogh, József Békési,
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32 János Balogh, József Békési,
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34 János Balogh, József Békési,
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36 Balázs Bánhelyi, Tibor Csendes
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MGA Pruning Technique 41Figure 1. A
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MGA Pruning Technique 45one), while
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48 Edson Tadeu Bez, Mirian Buss Gon
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50 Edson Tadeu Bez, Mirian Buss Gon
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52 Edson Tadeu Bez, Mirian Buss Gon
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54 R. Blanquero, E. Carrizosa, E. C
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56 R. Blanquero, E. Carrizosa, E. C
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58 Sándor Bozókiwhere for any i,
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60 Sándor Bozóki[6] Budescu, D.V.
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62 Emilio Carrizosa, José Gordillo
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64 Emilio Carrizosa, José Gordillo
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Globally optimal prototypes 69Refer
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72 Leocadio G. Casado, Eligius M.T.
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874 Leocadio G. Casado, Eligius M.T
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76 Leocadio G. Casado, Eligius M.T.
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78 András Erik Csallner, Tibor Cse
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80 András Erik Csallner, Tibor Cse
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82 Tibor Csendes, Balázs Bánhelyi
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84 Tibor Csendes, Balázs Bánhelyi
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86 Bernd DachwaldFor spacecraft wit
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88 Bernd Dachwaldcurrent target sta
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90 Bernd Dachwaldreference launch d
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92 Mirjam Dür and Chris TofallisMo
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94 Mirjam Dür and Chris Tofallis2.
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96 Mirjam Dür and Chris Tofallis[3
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98 José Fernández and Boglárka T
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100 José Fernández and Boglárka
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102 José Fernández and Boglárka
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104 Erika R. Frits, Ali Baharev, Zo
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106 Erika R. Frits, Ali Baharev, Zo
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108 Erika R. Frits, Ali Baharev, Zo
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110 Juergen Garloff and Andrew P. S
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112 Juergen Garloff and Andrew P. S
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Global multiobjective optimization
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Conditions for ε-Pareto Solutions
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128 Eligius M.T. Hendrix1.1 Effecti
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130 Eligius M.T. Hendrix4h(x)3.532.
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132 Eligius M.T. Hendrixneighbourho
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134 Kenneth Holmströmcomputed by R
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136 Kenneth Holmströmα(x) =∑i=1
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138 Kenneth HolmströmGL-step Phase
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140 Kenneth Holmströmsurrogate mod
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142 Dario Izzo and Mihály Csaba Ma
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144 Dario Izzo and Mihály Csaba Ma
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146 Dario Izzo and Mihály Csaba Ma
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148 Leo Liberti and Milan DražićV
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150 Leo Liberti and Milan Dražićs
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A New approach to the Studyof the S
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184 Katharine M. Mullen, Mikas Veng
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186 Katharine M. Mullen, Mikas Veng
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188 Katharine M. Mullen, Mikas Veng
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190 Niels J. Olieman and Eligius M.
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192 Niels J. Olieman and Eligius M.
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194 Niels J. Olieman and Eligius M.
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196 Andrey V. Orlovwhere A is (m 1
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198 Andrey V. OrlovStep 4. Beginnin
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200 Blas Pelegrín, Pascual Fernán
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208 Deolinda M. L. D. Rasteiro and
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214 José-Oscar H. Sendín, Antonio
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