A century of rice improvement in Burma - IRRI books - International ...

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1. Trends in rice area and production.and Jayasuriya 1986). The same pattern was observed in 1984 and 1985. Inearlier years, agriculture represented even a larger share of GDP and exports.Burma’s economy is clearly dependent on agriculture. Crop production is themajor agricultural activity and is largely dependent on weather. A limitedirrigation system, restricted to the dry zone of Upper Burma, offers some help,largely in the form of supplemental water.Soils and climatic conditions in many parts of Burma favor rice cultivation.Rice is the principal agricultural crop and is the staple food of the entirepopulation. Rice dominates the national economy, and any shortages insupply cause spiralling price increases in many other commodities, thuscreating political instability. A rice-surplus country, Burma has one of thehighest levels of per capita rice consumption in the world. Rice has beencultivated in Burma for domestic consumption since prehistoric times. Rice islife for the Burmese, being interwoven with the social and economic fabric ofthe people’s lives. This book examines the rice economy of Burma over the 100-yr period from 1885 to 1985.Rice production in the country increased nearly 1400% in 100 yr, butgrowth was not even. An annual rice production of a mere 1 million t in 1870rose to over 14 million t in 1985 (Fig. 3).INTRODUCTION 3
2. Rainfall distribution.4 A CENTURY OF RICE IMPROVEMENT IN BURMA
Page 3 and 4: The International Rice Research Ins
Page 5 and 6: Rice trading 29Rice milling 29Rice
Page 8: ForewordRice dominates Burma’s ec
Page 11 and 12: ice production in the last decade.
Page 14 and 15: CHAPTER IIntroductionBurma is situa
Page 18 and 19: 3. Soil distribution.INTRODUCTION 5
Page 20 and 21: and the rest of the country in 1885
Page 22 and 23: Rice production growth during this
Page 24 and 25: 4. Rice threshing with cattle.5. Ri
Page 26 and 27: 7. Transplanting.Farmers classify r
Page 28: 8. States and Divisions (1-7 are di
Page 43: Table 11. Rice mills, 1894-1934 (DA
Page 51 and 52: Rice area and productionAlthough th
Page 53 and 54: Table 16. Rice production in select
Page 55 and 56: Tenants of State Agricultural BankA
Page 57 and 58: in 1960, representing a 17% increas
Page 59: Table 20. Summary of extension acti
Page 62 and 63: Table 24. Rice procurement by diffe
Page 64 and 65: This trade reduction severely affec
Page 66:
conditions and a weak international
Page 69 and 70:
the design, implementation, and eva
Page 71 and 72:
Table 27 indicates the areas plante
Page 73 and 74:
The coastal zone comprised four ric
Page 78 and 79:
In the meantime, local researchers
Page 80 and 81:
Table 35. Rice area planted, by gra
Page 83 and 84:
All fertilizers were imported until
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points, 3) availability of cash amo
Page 87 and 88:
hispa Hispa armigera. Though annual
Page 89 and 90:
The amounts of agricultural loans g
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from double-cropped areas (Table 44
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when investment in the agricultural
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The program brought research and ex
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Table 46. Average area of responsib
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established practice among farmers,
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12. Voluntary labor harvesting rice
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of harvesting. It sought voluntary
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nents that a larger project would r
Page 108 and 109:
Table 48. Changes in area planted t
Page 110 and 111:
Table 50. Average yield and product
Page 112 and 113:
Results of analysisOf the variables
Page 114 and 115:
Of the 19 variables used, 11 were s
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weather that it influenced rice pro
Page 118 and 119:
Table 54. Present level of technolo
Page 120 and 121:
size of holdings, 40% of the prize
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average yield at that time was 2.20
Page 124 and 125:
Table 59. Monthly transactions of t
Page 126 and 127:
Table 61. Irrigated areas for rice,
Page 128 and 129:
Table 62. Tillage operation by trac
Page 130 and 131:
18. AFPTC rice procurement center.A
Page 132 and 133:
Table 65. Annual rice procurement (
Page 134 and 135:
for seeds; still others sold their
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primarily to help achieve the AFPTC
Page 138 and 139:
Table 67. Annual rice production an
Page 140 and 141:
Table 68. Comparison of paid-out co
Page 142 and 143:
CHAPTER VImplications for the futur
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agricultural research can be brough
Page 146 and 147:
Motivation of scientistsUnder these
Page 148 and 149:
or as individuals. Research is to b
Page 150 and 151:
CHAPTER VIConclusionsBurma’s econ
Page 152 and 153:
References citedAdas M (1974) The B
Page 154:
SRUB—The socialist Republic of th
Page 157 and 158:
Appendix 1 continuedSown area Produ
Page 159 and 160:
Appendix II continuedShareRice a Al
Page 161 and 162:
Appendix IV continuedYear Exports Y
Page 163 and 164:
Appendix VIcontinuedVariable Symbol
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All combined1977-84 1977-78 1978-79
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Appendix VIII. Correlation coeffici
Page 170 and 171:
IndexAdas, M 6Africa 125, 137Agricu
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farmers 6-9, 13, 18, 23, 25-26, 29,
Page 174 and 175:
Okpo Small Loan Department110, 111O
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