A century of rice improvement in Burma - IRRI books - International ...

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The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) was established in 1960 bythe Ford and Rockefeller Foundations with the help and approval of theGovernment of the Philippines. Today IRRI is one of the 13 nonprofitinternational research and training centers supported by the ConsultativeGroup on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The CGIAR issponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank),and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The CGIARconsists of 50 donor countries, international and regional organizations, andprivate foundations.IRRI receives support, through the CGIAR, from a number of donorsincluding the Asian Development Bank, the European EconomicCommunity, the Ford Foundation, the International Development ResearchCentre, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the OPECSpecial Fund, the Rockefeller Foundation, UNDP, the World Bank, and theinternational aid agencies of the following governments: Australia, Belgium,Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Iran,Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand,Norway, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UnitedKingdom, and United States.The responsibility for this publication rests with the International RiceResearch Institute.Copyright © International Rice Research Institute 1991All rights reserved. Except for quotations of short passages for thepurpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may bereproduced, stored in retrieval systems, or transmitted in any form or by anymeans, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,without prior permission of IRRI. This permission will not be unreasonablywithheld for use for noncommercial purposes. IRRI does not requirepayment for the noncommercial use of its published works, and hopes thatthis copyright declaration will not diminish the bona fide use of its researchfindings in agricultural research and development.The designations employed in the presentation of the material in thispublication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on thepart of IRRI concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area,or of its authorities, or the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.ISBN 971-22-0024-8
Page 4 and 5: ContentsForeword viiPreface ixAbbre
Page 6: Support services 78Investment 79Agr
Page 10 and 11: PrefaceRice is Burma’s most impor
Page 12: Abbreviations and acronymsAC = Agri
Page 15 and 16: Table 1. Mean annual precipitation
Page 17 and 18: 2. Rainfall distribution.4 A CENTUR
Page 19 and 20: Due to the involvement of a huge la
Page 21 and 22: The equity of production, however,
Page 23 and 24: ogy was slow and unenthusiastic in
Page 25 and 26: 6. Tillage using a wooden spike-har
Page 27 and 28: Classification based on water regim
Page 33: these favorable conditions, the hig
Page 50 and 51: CHAPTER IllRice production under th
Page 52 and 53:
intervention, in the form of agricu
Page 54 and 55:
Table 17. Fertilizer consumption of
Page 56 and 57:
of 100-400% per annum, still played
Page 58 and 59:
kyats (Walinsky 1962). Investments
Page 61 and 62:
Rice tradingAt the end of World War
Page 63 and 64:
hectare would produce enough rice f
Page 65 and 66:
Stability and sustainabilityThe ste
Page 68 and 69:
CHAPTER IVRice production under the
Page 70 and 71:
aise production to the highest poss
Page 72 and 73:
Table 28. Rice area and population,
Page 74:
Table 31. Rice yield in selected ye
Page 79 and 80:
The areas devoted to MVs in selecte
Page 81:
Table 36. Distribution of improved
Page 84 and 85:
The rates of fertilizer calculated
Page 86 and 87:
Y = 2447 + 13.65 N - 0.073 N 2Y = 2
Page 88 and 89:
Extensive use of agrochemicals with
Page 90 and 91:
this period, credit could be consid
Page 92 and 93:
tional framework reestablished duri
Page 94:
Organization assisted ARI by provid
Page 97 and 98:
work in experimental plots endowed
Page 99 and 100:
such a practice, resources were spr
Page 101 and 102:
Mass participationThe new technolog
Page 103 and 104:
14. Production camp at Hmawbi towns
Page 105 and 106:
Many slogans explaining the objecti
Page 107 and 108:
involvement of more townships repre
Page 109 and 110:
program, without the program (WOP),
Page 111 and 112:
Yield in kg/ha was used as the depe
Page 113 and 114:
cant impact on yield. (The average
Page 115 and 116:
variables at the 5% level) with an
Page 117 and 118:
places. Areas with late rainfall ha
Page 119 and 120:
“ignorant” of farm conditions.
Page 121 and 122:
preprogram years increased to about
Page 123 and 124:
the labor requirement from the hous
Page 125 and 126:
the fourth group, exercising a comm
Page 127 and 128:
exhausted after one season of rice
Page 129 and 130:
aised cropping intensity was theref
Page 131 and 132:
The price variation was due to the
Page 133 and 134:
were used by AFPTC to set procureme
Page 135 and 136:
Table 66. Rice mills and their mill
Page 137 and 138:
diction. The question of sustaining
Page 139 and 140:
Beneficiaries of productionThe peri
Page 141 and 142:
introduce a crop insurance scheme t
Page 143 and 144:
to improve the plight of farmers. R
Page 145 and 146:
Farmer participatory research is of
Page 147 and 148:
collected from township headquarter
Page 149 and 150:
source-poor farmers to secure bette
Page 151 and 152:
attention. It would be wasteful to
Page 153 and 154:
Khin Win, Kyaw-Shin, Htin Aung (197
Page 156 and 157:
AppendicesAppendix I. Sown area and
Page 158 and 159:
Appendix II continuedShareRice a Al
Page 160 and 161:
Appendix III continuedGross Cattle
Page 162 and 163:
Appendix VI. Changes in variable me
Page 164 and 165:
Appendix VII. Means and standard de
Page 166 and 167:
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mea
Page 168:
Conversion factors1 kilogram (kg)1
Page 171 and 172:
Bangladesh 1, 70Barker, R A 31, 34,
Page 173 and 174:
Kachin 15, 59, 65, 94kanzo 19kaing
Page 175:
Sri Lanka 32-33, 50, 66, 124State A
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