Bogumil Terminski Environmentally-Induced Displacement ... - Cedem

LIST OF THE DEADLIEST EARTHQUAKE GENERATED TSUNAMIS IN RECENT YEARS:Date Country/Region/Synopsis Total deaths Total displaced24.12.2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake, 297,000 people 1,690,000 people30.09.2009 Sumatra earthquakes, Indonesia 1,112 people 700-1000 people11.03.2011 Sendai earthquake, Japan 10, 000 people 590,000 peopleLIST OF THE FIVE DEADLIEST EARTHQUAKE GENERATED TSUNAMIS IN HISTORY:Year Event Total death (estimated)2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake/Tsunami 229-297,000 people1908 Messina Earthquake/ Tsunami 123,000 people1755 Lisbon Earthquake/Tsunami/Fire 100,000 people1883 Krakatau Volcanic Eruption/Tsunami 36,000 people1705 Hoei Earthquake/Tsunami 30,000 peopleFamine, diseases: In my opinion, famine is not an independent factordetermining the dynamics of environmentally-induced displacement. It seemsrather a consequence of long-term environmental changes (particularlydesertification, drying up rivers, drought) or sudden natural disasters(earthquakes, hurricanes, etc.). Famine is therefore a consequence of particulartype of negative processes.Floods: In considering the issue of forced resettlement we very often forgetabout the consequences of flooding. This fact, however, seem illegitimate,especially since in many countries around the world are the dominantdeterminant of disaster induced displacement. Effect of flooding on thedynamics of environentally-induced displacement are especially evident incountries without becoming victims of internal armed conflict or otherspectacular natural disasters (such as tsunamis, earthquakes or volcaniceruptions). The consequences of flooding for the operation of the unit may