the author) is thus of a brief character. The present author has tried to quote as accurately aspossible all the names, titles, and other parts of this development, keeping the originalspelling. For any remaining mistakes and shortcomings the present author must therefore bearsole responsibility, and once again apologize for possible omissions overlooked in the courseof work, including the obvious omission of many publications relevant to the subject matter.However, it is impossible to prepare a listing presenting the achievements of scientific centresfrom dozens of countries, without being somewhat selective. The main aim in preparing thisstudy was to demonstrate the social consequences of environmentally-induced displacementin all their complexity, with reference to the various fields of knowledge and achievements ofas many research centres as possible. Due to the limited access to many titles, this listingrefers a good deal to the publications of more well-known authors, or those written in highlyesteemed research centres. Limited access to many publications (issued for example in Asianor African countries and the research centres of some European countries) makes – forobvious reasons – this publication refer to the titles which have the widest availability and,therefore, the most famous.In order to maintain clarity of the review, the bibliography was divided into four distinct parts.In addition to presenting books, chapters in collective works and articles in scientific journals,particularly important for the development of this issue, the present author has also madereferences to many extremely valuable analyses, reports and working papers. The increase inprofessional scientific literature on the environmental determinants of migration, observed inrecent years, is an extremely important and positive phenomenon. Yet, while the number ofavailable publications in the field continues to rise, it does not reflect the gravity of thesituation vis-à-vis its connection to human rights, security, and the need for internationalcooperation. Many of the aforementioned problems have found to date only a marginal andfragmentary reflection in specialized scientific literature. The lack of rigorous studies on theevolution of environmental migration throughout history, the social consequences of naturaldisasters, and the protection of environmentally displaced people, becomes particularlyevident in this context as a growing problem of relevance to the international protection ofhuman rights. In addition, many parts of the world lack studies addressing the problems ofenvironmental determinants of migration altogether. A large number of studies in the field of
environmentally-induced migrations in the countries of South Asia (such as in Bangladesh) orOceania is accompanied by a small number or even a complete lack of similar studies on theregions of Central and Southern Africa and Europe. The social implications of environmentalchanges are currently not limited to a few chosen problems or areas of the world. Therefore, itis vital, going forward, to more broadly examine the relationship between the currentlyobserved climate changes and the various forms of human spatial mobility.* * *The main themes of the publications listed in the present book include the following:1. Theoretical approaches to environmentally induced displacement (aspects ofterminology and definitions, conceptualisation of research problems, etc.);2. Selected aspects of research into the relationship between environment, displacementand vulnerability (including, for instance, approaches related to ecology, climatestudies, hydrology, geology, or the study of natural disasters);3. The addition of environmentally displaced people (`environmental refugees`) as acategory of participants in migration processes;4. The compilation of data for the interplay between population mobility and the changesof the natural environment (especially, but not limited to: land degradation, soildesertification, drought, rising sea levels, the increasing salinity of groundwater, forestthinning, etc.);5. Analysis of the social implications of climate change, when it forces people to changetheir place of residence (as in the cases of famine, deteriorating housing conditions,lack of access to drinking water supplies, health problems, increased mortality, etc.);6. Obtaining regional data in order to differentiate amongst the environmental situationof displaced people in various regions (especially in Africa, South-east Asia, the
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TABLE OF CONTENTSIntroduction .....
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whole population in developing coun
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PART ONE:ENVIRONMENTALLY-INDUCED DI
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climate change 19 . As noticed by M
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(catastrophes) as one of the prereq
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esidence refers to the environmenta
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early 20th century. Of particular i
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According to Graeme Hugo, environme
- Page 27 and 28: Climate Change uses the term “for
- Page 31 and 32: In 1988, Jodi Jacobson from Worldwa
- Page 33 and 34: According to Norman Myers, environm
- Page 35 and 36: Some authors linked the phenomenon
- Page 37 and 38: of the problem is to adopt a conven
- Page 39 and 40: to detach the general category of e
- Page 41 and 42: and “environmental refugees”),
- Page 43 and 44: etween two categories of resettleme
- Page 45 and 46: nearly a million victims) 85 .Reaso
- Page 47 and 48: areas of Africa (e.g. Sudan, Chad,
- Page 49 and 50: disasters. Every year, floods lead
- Page 51 and 52: damage to the country’s most impo
- Page 53 and 54: international organisations for sev
- Page 55 and 56: PART TWO:THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OFE
- Page 57 and 58: OECD General Typology of Natural Di
- Page 59 and 60: The Classification of TheCauses of
- Page 61 and 62: (with a coast equal to or lower tha
- Page 63 and 64: continues to be a major problem fac
- Page 65 and 66: killed), Gujarat in India in 2001 (
- Page 67 and 68: take diverse in nature. Very often
- Page 69 and 70: the hurricane (368,000 were displac
- Page 71 and 72: that irreversible consequences of f
- Page 73 and 74: areas of the world continue to cons
- Page 75: Studies undertaken on that issue, o
- Page 80 and 81: Middle East, and North and Central
- Page 82 and 83: London, 2000.Cubides F., Domínguez
- Page 84 and 85: Measures of Equalization?, Grinn Ve
- Page 86 and 87: Werner D. (ed.), Biological resourc
- Page 88 and 89: Springer, Berlin, 2003, pp. 35-145.
- Page 90 and 91: Enarson E., "A Gendered Human Right
- Page 92 and 93: Faso & Presses universitaires de Ou
- Page 94 and 95: Institute of Policy Studies, School
- Page 96 and 97: San Marco P., “Migrations transsa
- Page 98 and 99: for the world economy, Edward Elgar
- Page 100 and 101: Aung T., Singh A., Prasad A., "Sea
- Page 102 and 103: 1989, pp. 73-75.Black R., "Fifty Ye
- Page 104 and 105: 2006, pp. 247-252.Byravan S., Rajan
- Page 106 and 107: Chinedu U.O., "Internal displacemen
- Page 108 and 109: vol. 20), 2004, pp. 201-229.Curran
- Page 110 and 111: Dun O., "Migration and Displacement
- Page 112 and 113: Académica de Relaciones Internacio
- Page 114 and 115: Hammer T., "Desertification and Mig
- Page 116 and 117: 41, no. 5, 1998, pp. 449-472.Hugo G
- Page 118 and 119: International Environmental Law Rev
- Page 120 and 121: Leimgruber W., "Values, Migration,
- Page 122 and 123: Journal of Trauma and Emergency Sur
- Page 124 and 125: Millar I., "There's No Place Like H
- Page 126 and 127: Mouat D., "Desertification and soci
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Ollitrault S., "De la sauvegarde de
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Piantoni F., "Les recompositions te
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Risse M., "The Right to Relocation:
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October 15-19 2008, La Valetta, pp.
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Thomas D.S.G., Twyman C., "Equity a
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Webb A.P., Kench P.S., "The dynamic
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Practicing Anthropology, vol. 13, n
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Studies Centre, 2008.Boland S., Dol
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Hoc Working Group on Long-Term Coop
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Flintan F., "Environmental Refugees
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Workshop on Migration and the Envir
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65.Leighton Schwartz M., Hanson H.,
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Paper), Refugee Studies Centre Oxfo
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Oliver-Smith A. (ed.), Vulnerabilit
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Siyaranamual M.D., Constructing the
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Yenotani, M., Displacement due to N