Pobierz pełny numer 1/2010 S&E - Structure and Environment - Kielce

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MICROCLIMATE IN A FLAT WITH ADDITIONAL AIR INTAKES500 – 1150 ppm. The very interesting phenomenonoccurred in all investigated flats. It was the alternatingcharacter of the stream of ventilating air in air grates.That implied, that ventilation and removing the airtook place through kitchen or bathroom air gates.Fig. 1. The diagram of the parameters of themicroclimate in selected flat with the air inflow throughthe ventilating ductTheir diameter was that of f 120 mm was proposed forthe improvement of the microclimate in consideredflats. The openings had to be made in the externalwalls to supply the external air. Also an aspiromatictype devices on the outlets of ventilating ducts wereinstalled. After the work was completed, the correctdirection of the air flow in all ventilating ductsoccurred again. Unfortunately, when the temperaturefell below 0°C, the occupants noticed both: cooling ofthe flats and too large speed of air inflow (the feelingof draught). Considering the inhabitants safety andcomfort of their living condition, the previous statewas restored. The additional openings in internalwalls facing the staircase and situated in the directproximity of gas stoves were made. This resulted inbetter ventilation. In that way, the air was initiallywarmed instead of flowing directly from outside.The diagram of the parameters of microclimate inone of the selected flats where the above solutionswere tested is shown in Figure 3. The analysis ofthis diagram shows, that there was the constantinternal temperature of +20 – +22°C. The relativehumidity did not exceed 65% which complied withcorresponding standards. Simultaneously, the carbondioxide concentration comprised on the level 700 –1500 ppm. At some points it goes beyond 2500 ppm.These are however temporary values, which do notinfluence the health or the mood of occupants.Fig. 2. The hourly diagram of microclimate’s parametersin selected flat, in which users stuck some air gratesHowever, the air inflow occurred mostly throughventilating duct in the bathroom. That was theresult of installing there two – functional stoves.They provided enough quantity of the air, necessaryfor gas combustion. This inflow was so large thatit made impossible using the bathroom and theoccupants stuck the inlets of ventilating ducts withfoil. An hourly diagram of parameters of the internalmicroclimate for such flat is presented in Figure 2.These conditions led to a large growth of carbondioxide concentration [up to the level of approx. 5000ppm]. Even during the night these values didn’t dropbelow the 2000 ppm. The relative air humidity grewup quickly. It ranged from 70% to 90%.To solve this problem in the investigated flats andto – simultaneously – improve the microclimateconditions, making additional openings was proposed.Fig. 3. Weekly diagram of microclimate’s parametersin selected flat, after installing additional inflow ductsbetween the flat and the staircase6. Analysis of the resultsObserved irregularities are the result of the limitedinflow of the external air to flats. The air inflow isindispensable for appropriate functioning of theventilation system. And, also for the proper gascombustion in heating devices and stoves. This49
Marek Telejkolimited inflow is the consequence of unsuitablebalance of the air flows. Additionally, gas heatingdevices disturb the proper functioning of ventilationsystem in the building. The sudden growth of carbondioxide concentration is caused by an installment ofthe two – functional stoves with the open combustionchamber. After installment of this device, the suddengrowth in carbon dioxide concentration appears, andturning back of duct in ventilating duct is observed.Window untightness influences air exchange up to thecertain degree, too. The increase in the air inflow thisway is inadequate. The occupants, especially the onesreluctant to their usage, should use it wisely. Whenit comes to untightness of the windows, one shouldaccept the lack of control over the inflowing air stream.The quantity of inflowing air does not depend on theinternal air parameters. Additionally, quick cooling ofthe rooms occurs in winter. It was was particularlyburdensome after installing additional opening for airsupply, directly from outside. The usage of openingsthrough staircase for gas combustion in two –functional stoves, decidedly improved the parametersof internal microclimate. Yet, the microbiologicalanalysis of the air is still required.7. ConclusionsBased on the results of this research, the followingconclusions may be drawn:1. The quantity of ventilating air depends on externalclimate; and in particular: the air temperature,direction and speed of the wind.2. Disorders of microclimatic conditions in flats withtight casing and installed intakes appear on upperstoreys. They result in backward ducts and airexchange.3. Working gas stoves with open combustion chambermake the proper work of ventilation’s systemdifficult.4. The appearance of heating device should dependon additional separate duct. It should either supplythe air to this device or closed combustion chambershould be used.5. The size and the placement of intake openingsis important. Before making any decisions, thefollowing factors should be considered:– placement of the flat,– constructional possibilities,– the demand for the air (balance).Preliminary warming of ventilating air narrowsdown the possibility of disturbance of internalmicroclimate conditions.References[1] Fanger P.O. (1980): Human Comfort and EnergyConsumption in Residential Buildings, Proceedings ofthe International Conference on HVAC, Tucson, AZ,USA.[2] Liddament M.W. (1996): A Guide to Energy EfficientVentilation, AIVC.[3] Miśniakiewicz E. (2002): Exchange of air in habitablerooms and its influence on the quality of internalair, Ph.D. thesis, Technical University of Opole. (inpolish).[4] Nantka M.B. (2004): Ventilation in general construction– the review, working, problems and myths, Materials ofInstalling Forum, Poznań (in polish).[5] Nowakowski E. (2002): Problems with gravitationalventilation in rooms, Installing Market 9/2002 (inpolish).[6] Sowa J. (1995): Migration process of the contaminationin conditions of stochastic disturbances. Ph.D. thesis,Department of Environmental, Technical University ofWarsaw (in polish).[7] Minister of infrastructure in the matter of technicalconditions that buildings and their location shouldanswer. (Dz.U. Nr 75, poz. 690 with latest changes)(in polish).[8] PN-83/B-03430 – Ventilation in habitable buildingsof collective and public usefulness. Requirements (inpolish).[9] PN-83/B-03430:Az3:2000 – Ventilation in habitablebuildings of collective and public usefulness.Requirements (The sheet of changes Az3) (in polish).50
Page 3: EDITORIAL BOARDMain Editor Jerzy Z.
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Page 19 and 20: RENÁTA BAŠKOVÁTechnical Universi
Page 21 and 22: Renáta Bašková, Ryszard Dachowsk
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Page 42 and 43: ŁUKASZ J. ORMANKielce University o
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