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28 Наукові записки. Серія “Філологічна”7. Скрипняк Т. Л. Риторичний аспект просодії німецькомовної проповіді (експериментально-фонетичне дослідження):автореф. дис. на здобуття наук. ступеня канд. філол. наук: спец. 10.02.04 “Германські мови”. – Київ, 2009. – 19 с.8. Тахтарова С. С. Стратегия аргументативного убеждения в религиозном дискурсе. [Електронний ресурс] /Тахтарова С. С. / Матеріали інтернет-конференції “Аргументативная риторика в практике политического, деловогои административно-правового общения”. – 2010. – Режим доступу: http: // iconf.vgi.volsu.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=86:2010-05-11-10-30-58&catid=38:2010-04-05-09-37-25&Itemid=559. Четыркина И. В. Перформативность речевых практик как консти ту тивный признак культуры: этническая иисторическая перспектива: дис. доктора філол. наук: 10.02.19 / Четыркина Инна Валерьевна. – Краснодар, 2006. –287 с.10. A Chorus of Witnesses. Model Sermons for Today`s Preacher: еd. by T. G. Long. Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1994.11. Berkdorf H. Introduction to the study of Dogmatics. – USA, 1982.12. Dijkvan T. TextandContext. Explorations in the Semantics and Pragmatics of Discourse. Longman, 1977. – 261 p.13. English Sermons: mirrors of society. Ed. By C. d`Haussy. Toulouse: Presses Universitaires du Mirail, 1995.14. Hirsch R. Semantic Content and Depthof Intention // Discourse and perspective in cognitive linguistics. JohnBenjamins, 1997.15. Noppen van J. P. Developing Pragmastylistic Competence. Bruxelles, 1995.16. Searle J., Vanderveken. Foundations of illocutionary logic. GB: Cambridge University Press, 1985.17. Wierzbicka A. What did Jesus Really Mean? Explaining the sermon on the monunt and the parables in simple anduniversal human concepts. Oxford University Press, 2001.
Випуск 23Vasylyshyna N. M.,Kyiv National Aviation University Institute of foreign Relations29УДК 378.011.3-051:338.48Impact of social-linguistic differencesand PsycHological barriers on intercultural communicationСтаття розкриває найважливіші аспекти міжкультурної комунікації. Особлива увага надається головнимвідмінностям, які перешкоджають успішній комунікації, а також зосереджується на трьох бар’єрах,які виникаютьу процесі комунікації.Ключові слова: культури, комунікація, взаємодія, технологія, прийняття рішень, обізнаність, розуміння,вміннявести переговори, звикнути, хвилювання, спільність, релятивізм.Данная статья раскрывает самые важные аспекты межкультурной коммуникации. В частности обращаетсяособое внимание главным отличиям, которые препятствуют успешной коммуникации ,и сосредотачиваетсяна трёх барьерах возникающих в процессе взаимодействия.Ключевые слова: культуры, коммуникация, принятие решений взаимодействие, технология, принятие решений,осведомленность, понимание, вести переговоры, привыкнуть, волнение, общность, релятивизм.The article deals with the most important and urgent aspects of intercultural communication. In particular it highlightsmain cultural differences which prevent from successful communication and focuses on three barriers that may occur inthe interacting process.Key words: сultures, communication, interaction, technology, decision-making, awareness, preunderstanding,negotiate, accustom, anxiety, similarity, relativism.In today’s world, people spend a considerable amount of time communicating across cultures with other peopleand organizations around the world. Intercultural communication shapes the way people contend with change, delivermessages across borders and cultures, and revisit the fundamental properties of time and space. Effective functioning inan international business environment depends on the ability of employees to adapt to the complexity of other cultures.Employees need to learn how to effectively understand, accept, and respond to cultural differences.The blend of cultural backgrounds and professional experiences has become a reality in the global business world.To work effectively with diverse people, managers need to know not only about the culture of the person with whomthey are interacting, but also about his or her personality, behavior patterns in conflict situations, demographics, and lifeexperiences.With the spread of communication technology and the decrease of time spent in face-to-face interaction,obtaining information from a business partner requires a high level of intercultural communication competence. Thiscritical skill improves the decision-making and problem-solving abilities of those who manage in the global marketplace.[1, р. 34]Effective communication with people of different cultures is especially challenging. Cultures provide people withways of thinking– ways of seeing, hearing, and interpreting the world. Thus the same words can mean different thingsto people from different cultures, even when they talk the “same” language. When the languages are different, andtranslation has to be used to communicate, the potential for misunderstandings increases.The aim of the article is to demonstrate cultural, linguistic, social diversities in communication process in order todefine similarities knowing which will be useful in performing successful and efficient interacting activities. For doingthis would be appropriate to mention and analyze point of view of some investigators in this field.Stella Ting-Toomey describes three ways in which culture interferes with effective cross-cultural understanding. Firstis what she calls “cognitive constraints.” These are the frames of reference or world views that provide a backdrop that allnew information is compared to or inserted into [3, р. 90].Second are “behavior constraints.” Each culture has its own rules about proper behavior which affect verbal andnonverbal communication. Whether one looks the other person in the eye-or not; whether one says what one meansovertly or talks around the issue; how close the people stand to each other when they are talking– all of these and manymore are rules of politeness which differ from culture to culture.Ting-Toomey’s third factor is “emotional constraints.” Different cultures regulate the display of emotion differently.Some cultures get very emotional when they are debating an issue. They yell, they cry, they exhibit their anger, fear,frustration, and other feelings openly. Other cultures try to keep their emotions hidden, exhibiting or sharing only the“rational” or factual aspects of the situation [2, р. 12].All of these differences tend to lead to communication problems. If the people involved are not aware of the potentialfor such problems, they are even more likely to fall victim to them, although it takes more than awareness to overcomethese problems and communicate effectively across cultures. Cohen argues that cross-cultural differences have significanteffects on diplomatic negotiations. Failure to understand and appreciate these differences can have serious consequencesfor negotiations [4, р. 89]. “Diplomatic negotiation consists of a process of communication between states seeking toarrive at a mutually acceptable outcome on some issue of shared concern.” [1, р. 7].Besides mentioned above diversities there are some barriers of intercultural communication. The article underconsideration views three basic obsticles being aware of which prevents from making mistakes. Taking them into accountcan help to improve studentsintercultural communication skills.The first barrier is high anxiety. When you are anxious because of not knowing what you are expected to do, it isonly natural to focus on that feeling and not be totally present in the communication transaction. For example, you mayhave experienced anxiety on your very first day on a new college campus or in a new job. You may be so conscious ofbeing new – and out of place – and focus so much of your attention on that feeling that you make common mistakes© Vasylyshyna N. M., 2012
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