Chemistry 155 Introduction to Instrumental Analytical Chemistry

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Chem 155 Unit 1 Page 12 of 3131.2 Instrumental vs. Classical Methods.SeparationClassicalMethods of Analytical Chemistry# ChemicalsIsolated / hrand amount(g)Extraction 1-2 gDistillation 1-2 gPrecipitation 1-2 gCrystallization 1-2 gInstrumentalHigh PerformanceLiquidChromatrographyGasChromatographyRelax, you don’t needto memorize this table– just humor Dr. Terrillwhile he talks about it.# ChemicalsIsolated / hrand amount(g)10 ng100 ngElectrophoresis 50 pgQualitativeSpeciationEstimated Number of uniquely identifiable molecules by methodCombination ofColor / SmellMelt / BoilingPoint,SolubilityWettingDensityHardness100’sUV-VisInfrared1,000’s100,000’sMass Spectrometry > 10 6NMRSpectroscopyBest Quantitative Precision and SensitivityTitration 0.1% 1 ppm> 10 6OpticalSpectroscopy 0.1% 10 -23 MQuantitationPrecisionGravimetry 0.01%1 ppmMassSpectrometry0.1%amount10 -4 %mass10 -13 MColorimetry10% 1 ppmNMRSpectroscopy 1%100pppmWhat are the more precise measurements that youhave made and what were they?Page 12 of 313
Chem 155 Unit 1 Page 13 of 3131.3 Vocabulary: Basic InstrumentalAnalyteThe chemical species that isbeing measured.MatrixThe liquid, solid or mixedmaterial in which the analytemust be determined.DetectorDevice that records physical orchemical quantity.Transducer The sensitive part of a detectorthat converts the chemical orphysical signal into an electricalsignal.SensorDevice that reversibly monitors aparticular chemical – e.g. pHelectrodeAnalog signal A transducer output such as avoltage, current or light intensity.Digital signal When an analog signal has beenconverted to a number, such‘3022’, it is referred to as a digitalsignal.Analog signals are susceptible to distortion, and soare usually converted into digital signals (numbers)promptly for storage, transmission or readout.Page 13 of 313
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Chemistry 155 Introduction to Instrumental Analytical Chemistry

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