Chemistry 155 Introduction to Instrumental Analytical Chemistry

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Chem 155 Unit 1 Page 8 of 3131.1 Tools of Instrumental Analytical Chem.1.1.1 Spectroscopy w/ Electromagnetic (EM)RadiationName of EM Wavelength Predominant Name ofregime:Excitation SpectroscopyGamma ray ≤ 0.1 nm Nuclear MossbauerX-Ray 0.1 to 10 nm Coreelectronx-ray absorption,fluorescence, xpsVacuum 10 - 180 nm Valence VuvUltravioletelectronUltraviolet 180 - 400 Valence Uv or uv-viselectronVisible 400-800 Valence Vis or uv-viselectronNear Infrared 800-2,500 Vibration Near IR or NIR(overtones)Infrared 2.5-40 μm Vibration IR or FTIRMicrowave 40 μm – 1mmrotationsMicrowave ≈30 mm Electron spinin mag fieldRadiowave ≈1 m Nuclear spinin mag fieldRotational ormicrowaveESR or EPRNMRPage 8 of 313
Chem 155 Unit 1 Page 9 of 3131.1.2 Chromatography – Chemical SeparationsDifferent chemicals flow through separationmedium (column or capillary) at different speeds‘plug’ of mixture goes in chemicals come out ofcolumn one-by-one (ideally)Gas Chromatography ‘GC’Powerful but Suitable for Volatile chemicals onlyLiquid Chromatography High Performance(pressure), ‘HPLC’ in it’s many forms –Electrophoresis -Liquids, pump with electriccurrent, capillary, gel, etc.Chromatogramabsorbancetime / sPage 9 of 313
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Chemistry 155 Introduction to Instrumental Analytical Chemistry

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