INDEX 80accused personrights, 49apprehensions, 54anti-corruption agency, social contact with, 118African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, 9American Convention on Human Rights, 8Arbitrator, 173balance, duty to maintain fine, 61bars, visit by judge to public, 116biasactual, 92apprehension, 56manifestations, 58-59meaning, 57what may not constitute, 60character testimony, 149-150clubs, frequenting, 118code of conduct, responsibility of judiciary to draft, 16collective responsibility to uphold standards, 14commission of inquiry, membership of, 160-162, 195communitycomplete isolation neither possible nor beneficial, 31contact necessary, 32trust essential, 35community education, participation in, 156community standardsrelevance of, 102no uniform standard, 105compensation for extra-judicial activities, 157, 179, 182competenceinternational human rights law, relevance of, 206judicial duties take precedence, 19judicial administration, 196-198meaning of, 192rest, relaxation and family life, relevance of, 194training, 199-205conduct see courtconfidential information, 154-15580 The numbers in this index refer to paragraphs.165
conflict of interestduty to reduce, 68test for, 67constitutionalism, 10contempt powersabuse of, 59minimal use of, 137correspondenceletters of reference, 148, 150legislator, 38litigants, 73media, 75use of judicial stationery, 145, 147-148courtconduct in, 107conduct to be avoided in, 62conduct to be avoided out of, 65conduct towards lawyers, 214conduct towards litigants, 213constant interference with conduct of trial, 63due performance of the judicial function, 195duty to maintain fine balance in, 61ex parte communications, 64fair and equitable distribution of work in, 216maintaining order and decorum, 212, 215misuse of staff, 219scrupulous respect for the law, 108withdrawal of case from judge, 217court records, disappearance of, 197court staffacceptance of gifts by, 177-179appointment of relative as a clerk, 107conduct of, 190misuse of, 219unofficial payments to, 198court users, treatment of, 189cultural diversity, 186dating relationship with lawyer, 131deprivation of liberty, 47derogatory comments, 187diligencedefinition, 193distribution of work in court, 216-219order and decorum in court, 212-215punctuality, 208166
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United NationsOffice on Drugs and C
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CONTENTSPreface… ................
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DRAFTING HISTORYI. BackgroundIn Apr
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g. The Iowa Code of Judicial Conduc
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IV. The Bangalore Draft Code of Jud
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Davide of the Supreme Court of the
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The Commission has frequently expre
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(h) Requested the UNODC to convene
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Where citations have been used, the
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WHEREAS the International Covenant
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WHEREAS the foregoing fundamental p
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esponsibility, it is essential that
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WHEREAS it is essential that judges
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WHEREAS the primary responsibility
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5. Everyone shall have the right to
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THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES are intend
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Value 1INDEPENDENCEPrinciple:Judici
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Conditions for judicial independenc
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A judge must act irrespective of po
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finding, an important part of a jud
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1.3 A judge shall not only be free
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or her. No such gatherings should b
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that very remote instance the judge
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1.6 A judge shall exhibit and promo
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(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)(i)(j)(k)(l)(m)(n)(o
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Value 2IMPARTIALITYPrinciple:Impart
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Application:2.1 A judge shall perfo
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2.2 A judge shall ensure that his o
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2.3 A judge shall, so far as is rea
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2.4 A judge shall not knowingly, wh
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(b) The second aspect relates to a
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informed, will remove the objection
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countenances the possibility that j
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Other things being equal, the more
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2.5.2 the judge previously served a
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Provided that disqualification of a
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Application3.1 A judge shall ensure
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It has been argued that the use of
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Value 4PROPRIETYPrinciple:Propriety
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4.2. As a subject of constant publi
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4.3 A judge shall, in his or her pe
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Special care should be taken where
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not hold a supervisory or administr
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4.6 A judge, like any other citizen
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such judicial commentary should be
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4.8 A judge shall not allow the jud
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performance of their lawful duties
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Former judges153. Depending on loca
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4.11 Subject to the proper performa
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4.11.3 serve as a member of an offi
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ii. Does it essentially involve an
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4.11.4 engage in other activities i
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should not give legal advice. This
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