tyf Enf=O=n]lgg

pgn] klg 7Ls To;}u/L k]z u/]sf 5g\ . pQm ljj/0f d]xgt / :ki6tfsf ;fy k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .To;df bf]if vfln slQ dfq 5 eg] ;Dk"0f{ k':tsem}+ pQm ljj/0f klg bfz{lgs zAbfjnL clNemP/af]em aGgk'u]sf] 5 . x/]s 7fp“df tL zAbfjnLaf6 a“Rg cK7\of/f] eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f klg xf]Og .To;af6 Tolta]nf emg\a9L x}/fgL pTkGg x'g k'Ub5, hlta]nf vfln s'g} Pp6} bfz{lgs ;Dk|bfosf]cleJo~hgf z}nLsf], cyjf :jo+ kmfo/afvsf] cleJo~hgf z}nL;Ddsf] cg's/0f dfq gu/]/ pgn]7fp–7fp“df Hofb} a]Unfa]Un} k|j[lQx¿sf zAbfjnLx¿, ljz]if u/]/ :jo+nfO{ bfz{lgs atfpg] clxn]rf}tkmL{¿kdf hf]8bf/¿kn] km}ln/x]sf k|j[lQx¿sf zAbfjnLx¿ l5/fOlbG5g\ kmfo/afvsf] ljsf; x]u]njfbLaf6 ef}ltsjfbLdf ePsf] lyof], oBlk kmfo/afv slxNo} klgPsbd} kSsf ¿9LjfbL x]u]njfbL lyPgg\ eGg] s'/f ;xL xf] . ljsf;sf] To; qmddf lglZrt cj:yfdfk'u]/ cfgf k"j{jtL{ cfbz{jfbL k|0ffnL;“u k"0f{¿kn] ;DaGw ljR5]b ug'{ pgsf] nflu cfjZosx'guPsf] lyof] . x6fpg]¿kaf6 cGttM kmfo/afv s] s'/f dfGg afWo ePsf lyP eg] k/+ ljrf/sf k"j{;fG;fl/s x]u]njfbL cl:tTjsf] s'/f ;G;f/sf] cl:tTjjfg\ x'g'eGbfklxn] pgsf …tfls{s–dfgl;s>]0fLx¿ -Logical Categories_ sf] k"j{ cl:tTjÚ /fVg] s'/f jf:tjdf Oxnf]ssf] ctLt ;|i6fsf]cl:tTjdf ul/g] ljZjf;sf] clxn];Dd /x]sf] sfNklgs ;Demgfafx]s vfln Psdfq of] ;G;f/ ;Toxf] / xfdLx¿ :jo+ To;sf Ps cË xf}+ tyf xfd|f] r]tgf / lrGtg hlt;'s} ctLlGb|o nfu] klgjf:tjdf tL ef}lts / zf/Ll/s cËx¿ dl:tissf pkhx¿ g} x'g\ . kbfy{ dl:tissf] pkh geP/:jo+ dl:iskbfy{sf] ;jf]{Rr pkh xf], To;afx]s c¿ s]xL xf]Og . lg:;Gb]x Tof] ljz'4 ef}ltsjfb xf] .t/ Tolt 6f9f k'lu;s]kl5 kmfo/afv /f]lsG5g\ . rL/–k|rlnt bfz{lgs k"jf{u|xaf6 ef}ltsjfbLcGt/j:t'sf lj?4 geP/ ef}ltsjfbsf] gfdsf lj?4 km}lnPsf] k"jf{u|xaf6 pgL d'Qm x'g ;Sb}gg\ .pgn] eGb5 M æd]/f] b[li6df ef}ltsjfb dfgjLo ;Qf / 1fgsf] dxnsf] cfwf/lznf xf] t/ d]/f] b[li6dfTof] ToxL xf]Og, h'g s'g} z/L/lj1fgljbsf b[li6sf]0f / dtfg';f/ t of] -ef}ltsjfb_ :jo+ g} dxn xf] .e"t sfnsf ;DaGwdf ef}ltsjfbLx¿l;t d k"0f{tM ;xdt 5' t/ eljiosf ;DaGwdf d pgLx¿l;t;xdt 5}g .Æoxf“ kmfo/afvn] kbfy{ / dl:tissf] ;DaGwsf] lglZrt ;dembf/Ldf cfwfl/t ljZj;DaGwL cfdb[li6sf]0f, ef}ltsjfbnfO{ To;sf] Tof] ljz]if ¿kl;t ldnfO{ lbG5g\ . To;df vf; P]ltxfl;s cj:yfdf,cyf{t\ !* cf} + ztfAbLdf ljZjb[li6sf]0fsf] cleJo~hgf ePsf] lyof] . To;eGbf w]/} To;nfO{ To;sf]yf]qf] / ljs[t ¿kl;t ldnfOlbG5, h;df k|s[ltjfbL / j}Bx¿ Pj+ 8fS6/x¿sf] dl:tisdf !* cf}+zbLsf] ef}ltsjfb cfh klg hLljt 5 . Tof] p;sf] ToxL ¿k xf], h;sf] ut zbLsf] kf“rf}+ bzsdfa'vg/, ef]S6, df]n];sf6n] cfgf] ;dodf k|rf/ u/]sf lyP . t/ h;/L cfbz{jfb cfgf]ljsf;qmddf s}of}+ cj:yfx¿af6 u'h|]sf] lyof], To;}u/L ef}ltsjfb klg s}of}+ r/0fx¿ kf/ u/]/ cufl8a9]sf] lyof] . k|s[lt lj1fg;Ddsf] If]qdf x'g] x/]s o'ufGtsf/L vf]h;“u} To;nfO{ cfgf] ¿kdf kl/jt{ug'{k/]sf] 5 . clg, hlta]nf Oltxf;sf] ef}ltsjfbL JofVof ul/of], Tolta]nf of] If]qdf klg To;sf]ljsf;sf nflu gof“ dfu{ v'n]sf] lyof] .ut zbLsf] ef}ltsjfb d'VotM oflGqs lyof] lsgeg] Tolta]nf;Dd ;f/f k|fs[lts 1fgsf] If]qdfvfln oGqlj1fg — /, Tof] klg jf:tjdf 7f]; lk08x¿sf] oGqlj1fgsf] ;ª\If]kdf u'?Tjfsif{0fsf]oGqlj1fgsf] lglZrt cj:yf;Dd ljsf; ePsf] lyof] . /;fogzf:q Tolta]nf;Dd vfln lzz' cj:yfk|fbflxs cj:yfdf g} lyof] . hLjlj1fg klg Tolta]nf;Dd jfd] ;g]{ ;fgf] lzz' lyof] . lj?jf /kz'x¿sf z/L/sf] vfln df]6fdf]6L¿kdf g} clxn];Dd 5fgaLg ul/Psf] lyof] . ltgsf] JofVof vflnoflGqs sf/0fx¿sf] cfwf/df dfq ul/GYof] . !* cf}+ zbLsf ef}ltsjfbLx¿sf] b[li6df dflg;sf] ToxL:yfg lyof], h'g b]sft]{sf] b[li6sf]0fdf kz'sf] x'GYof], cyf{t\ Tof] Pp6f d];Lg lyof] . /f;folgs tyfh}ljs :j¿k x'g] k|lqmofx¿nfO{ vfln oGqlj1fgsf] gfkf]af6 x]g]{ sf]lzz ug'{ k|frLg k|mfl;G;Lef}ltsjfbsf] klxnf] ljz]if t/ To;a]nfsf] :jfefljs sdhf]/L lyof] . lg:;Gb]x /f;folgs h}ljsk|lqmofx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ;d]t oGqlj1fgsf] lgod nfu" x'G5 t/ tL lgodx¿nfO{ csf]{ w]/} pRrlgodn] k5fl8 ws]lnlbG5 . pQm ef}ltsjfbsf] csf]{ ljlzi6 sdhf]/L s] lyof] eg] To;n] ljZjnfO{Pp6f k|lqmofsf] ¿kdf, kbfy{sf] cgj/t P]ltxfl;s ljsf;sf] ¿kdf a'‰g ;Sb}gYof] . k|s[lt lj1fgsf]