tyf Enf=O=n]lgg

jf:t'x¿df nfu" x'G5g\, To;}u/L ;hLj k|f0fLx¿df klg nfu" x'G5g\ . To;/L lghL{j / ;hLjk|s[ltaLrsf] b"/L w]/} xb;Dd x6\of] . Tof] b"/LnfO{ sfG6n] klg cnª\3gLo 7fGby] .cGtdf hljzf:qLo cg';Gwfgsf] If]qdf klg ut -cyf{t\ !* cf}+_ zbLsf] dWosfnkl5 h'gj}1flgs ofqf / cleofg Jojl:yt¿kaf6 ;Ël7t ul/Psf] lyof], Tof] ;G;f/sf ;Dk"0f{ efux¿sfo"/f]k]nL pklgj]zx¿df /xg] Toxf“sf ljz]if1x¿n] 5fgjLg / cg';Gwfgsf] sfd lgs} u/]sf lyP tyfk|fu\–e"ue{zf:q, z/L/lj1fg / zf/Ll/szf:qsf] If]qdf ljz]if u/]/ ;"Idbz{soGqsf] ljlwjt¿kdfpkof]u x'gyfn]sf] x'gfn] tyf sf]lzsfsf] cg';Gwfg ePsf] x'gfn] h'g ;fdfGo k|ult ePsf] lyof], tL;f/f rLhx¿sf sf/0fn] sltw]/} ;fdu|L hDdf ePsf] lyof] eg] ca ltgsf] cWoogsf] l;nl;nfdft'ngfTds k4ltsf] pkof]u ug]{ s'/f ;Dej / ckl/xfo{ ePsf] lyof] . 116 Psflt/, t'ngfTds k|fs[ltse"uf]nsf] ;xfotfaf6 a]Unfa]Un}vfn] lj?jfx¿ / k|f0fLx¿sf hLjgsf kl/l:yltx¿ lgwf{l/t ul/PsflyP eg] csf{lt/, ltgLx¿sf ;hftLo cË cg';f/ a]Unfa]Un} hLjx¿sf] — s]jn pQm hLjx¿sf]jo:s l:yltsf] dfq geP/ ltgsf ;Dk"0f{ cj:yfx¿sf] — Ps csf{l;t t'ngfTds cWoog ul/Psf]lyof] . hlt a9L uxL/]/L / oyfy{tfsf ;fy pQm cg';Gwfg ul/Psf] lyof], TolQs} a9L dfqfdf To;nfO{:kz{ ubf{lalQs} ;hLj k|s[ltsf] Joj:yf Pp6f h8tfk"0f{ / ckl/jt{gLo¿kaf6 lgwf{l/t Joj:yf xf]eGg] wf/0ff e]l6g k'Uof] . s]jn lj?jfx¿ / kz'x¿sf ljleGg hfltx¿ dfq a9LeGbf a9L dfqfdfPscsf{l;t cleGg¿kn] ldNg k'u]sf lyPgg\, a? b'j}lt/ tLvf] cfsf/ x'g] k|hflt -k|fl;sf—Amphioxus_ 117 / cg'b/ l5b| x'g] k|hfltvfn] k|f0fLx¿ -Lepidosiren_ b]vf k/] . ltgn] klxn]sf;a} juL{s/0f 118 nfO{ pkxf;k"0f{ agfOlbPsf lyP . cGtdf To;k|sf/sf hLjx¿ klg e]l6P, h;sf];DaGw jg:klt hut\l;t lyof] jf kz' hut\l;t eg]/ 5'6\ofpg' ;Dej lyPg . k|frLg e"ue{zf:qsfj0f{gx¿df /x]sf cjsfzx¿ a9LeGbf a9L dfqfdf el/+b}uP . ltgsf] sf/0fn] ;Dk"0f{ hLjhut\sf]ljsf;sf] Oltxf; tyf x/]s k|f0fLsf] 5'§f5'6\} ljsf;sf] Oltxf;df Psbd} ;dfgtf 5 eGg] s'/fgdfGg]x¿n] ;d]t ltgLx¿sf sf/0fn] dfGg afWo ePsf lyP . h'g e'ne'n}ofdf ag:kltzf:q /k|f0fLzf:q x/fPsf lyP, To;af6 pDs]/ aflx/ lgl:sgsf nflu Tof] rLhn] æAriadneÆ sf] wfuf]n] em}+d2t k'¥ofof] . s] s'/f pNn]vgLo 5 eg] !&%( df hlta]nf sfG6n] ;f}o{d08nsf] cgGttfdfly k|xf/u/]sf lyP, TolQa]n} s]=Pkm=af]Nkmn] hfltx¿ l:y/ x'G5g\ eGg] wf/0ffdfly k|xf/ u/]sf lyP . To;sf;fy;fy} pgn] cfg'j+lzsLsf] l;4fGtsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP . t/ af]Nkmsf] nflu h'g rLh vfln bl/nf]k"j{ sNkgf dfq lyof], ToxL cf]s]g, nfdfs{, a]j/ cflbsf] xftdf k'u]/ kfsf] rLh aGgk'u]sf] lyof] .clg km]l/, 7Ls !)) jif{kl5 !*%( df 8flj{gn] To; l;4fGtnfO{ k"0f{tM ;kmn kf/]sf lyP . sl/a–sl/a To;}a]nf hLjg–/; -Protoplasm_ / klxn] g} k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] sf]lzsf g} ;f/f hLjx¿sfcfs[lt tTj;DaGwL clGtd 36s x'g\ / ltgn] hLjgsf lgDgtd :j¿kx¿sf] x}l;otaf6 :jtGqcl:tTj klg sfod ub{5g\ eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] lyof] . To; rLhn] s]jn ;hLj / lghL{jk|s[ltaLrsf] b'/L w]/} 36fOlbPsf] dfq geO{ Tof] hLjx¿sf] cfg'j+lzstfsf] l;4fGtsf] dfu{df b]vfk/]sf] Pp6f cfwf/e"t afwf c8rgnfO{ ;d]t x6fOPsf] lyof] . k|s[lt;DaGwL gof“ b[li6sf]0fsf ;fy;f/f d'Vo ljz]iftfx¿ :ki6 eO;s]sf lyP . ;Dk"0f{ h8tf vtd ePsf] lyof] . ckl/jt{gLo l:y/tf -lgTotf_ sf ;f/f s'/fx¿ vtd ePsf lyP . zfZjt dflgg] gof“ b[li6sf]0fsf ;f/fsf ;f/fljlzi6tfx¿ If0feË'/ l;4 ePsf lyP . ;f/f k|s[lt lg/Gt/ ultzLntfsf] l:yltdf /xG5 / rqmdf3'ld/xG5 eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft ePsf] lyof] .***To;/L xfdLx¿ k'gM o"gfgL bz{gsf dxfg\ ;+:yfkssf] k'/fgf] s'g b[li6sf]0fdf kms]{sf 5f}+ eg]xfdLx¿n] ;–;fgf rLhx¿b]lv 7"n–7"nf rLhx¿, afn'jfsf] s0fb]lv lnP/ ;"o{;Dd, d"n hLj sf]lzsf-Proisia_ b]lv lnP/ dflg;;Dd ;Dk"0f{ k|s[lt hGd / d[To'sf] lg/Gt/tfsf] l:yltdf x'G5 tyf Tof]lg/Gt/ ultzLntfsf] Pj+ ult / kl/jt{gsf] l:yltdf x'G5 . d"n km/s s'/f vfln slt dfq xf] eg]o"gfgLx¿sf nflu h'g cf]h:jL cGt/1fgsf] rLh lyof], ToxL rLh xfdLx¿n] cg'ejsf cfwf/dfz'4¿kaf6 j}1flgs cg';Gwfg sfo{åf/f lgwf{l/t u/]sf 5f}+ . ctM o;sf] ¿k klg w]/} lglZrt / :ki6