Carbon Dioxide and Earth's Future Pursuing the ... - Magazooms
Carbon Dioxide and Earth's Future Pursuing the ... - Magazooms
Carbon Dioxide and Earth's Future Pursuing the ... - Magazooms
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significant trends in summer flood risk in <strong>the</strong> twentieth century,” but “significant downward<br />
trends in winter flood risk,” which latter phenomenon -- described by <strong>the</strong>m as “a reduced<br />
winter flood risk during <strong>the</strong> instrumental period” -- <strong>the</strong>y specifically described as “a response to<br />
regional warming.”<br />
Rounding out <strong>the</strong> study of Europe, based on information on flood losses obtained from <strong>the</strong><br />
Emergency Events Database <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natural Hazards Assessment Network, Barredo (2009)<br />
developed a 1970-2006 history of normalized monetary flood losses throughout <strong>the</strong> continent -<br />
- including <strong>the</strong> member states of <strong>the</strong> European Union along with Norway, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>, Croatia<br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia -- by calculating <strong>the</strong> value of losses that would<br />
have occurred if <strong>the</strong> floods of <strong>the</strong> past had taken place under <strong>the</strong> current socio-economic<br />
conditions of <strong>the</strong> continent, while fur<strong>the</strong>r removing inter-country price differences by adjusting<br />
<strong>the</strong> losses for purchasing power parities.<br />
This work revealed, in <strong>the</strong> analyst’s words, that “<strong>the</strong>re is no evidence of a clear positive trend in<br />
normalized flood losses in Europe,” <strong>and</strong> that “changes in population, inflation <strong>and</strong> per capita<br />
real wealth are <strong>the</strong> main factors contributing to <strong>the</strong> increase of <strong>the</strong> original raw losses.” Thus,<br />
after removing <strong>the</strong> influence of <strong>the</strong> stated socio-economic factors, <strong>the</strong> European Commission<br />
researcher declared “<strong>the</strong>re remains no evident signal suggesting any influence of anthropogenic<br />
climate change on <strong>the</strong> trend of flood losses in Europe during <strong>the</strong> assessed period.”<br />
In summation, <strong>the</strong> studies described above, from locations scattered throughout all of Europe,<br />
contradict <strong>the</strong> climate-alarmist claim that warming results in more frequent <strong>and</strong> more severe<br />
floods. In addition, <strong>the</strong>re do not appear to have been any increases in ei<strong>the</strong>r floods or properlyadjusted<br />
flood damages throughout all of Europe over <strong>the</strong> period of time <strong>the</strong> world’s climate<br />
alarmists contend was <strong>the</strong> warmest of <strong>the</strong> past thous<strong>and</strong> or more years. And Europe is no<br />
anomaly is this regard, for things have been found to be largely <strong>the</strong> same almost everywhere<br />
such studies have been conducted; <strong>and</strong> in light of this fact -- <strong>and</strong> to not unnecessarily leng<strong>the</strong>n<br />
our report -- in <strong>the</strong> following two paragraphs we merely cite <strong>the</strong> journal references to similar<br />
investigations that have produced similar findings on earth’s o<strong>the</strong>r continents.<br />
For North America, see Ely (1997), Brown et al. (1999), Lins <strong>and</strong> Slack (1999), Olsen et al. (1999),<br />
Haque (2000), Knox (2001), Molnar <strong>and</strong> Ramirez (2001), Campbell (2002), Garbrecht <strong>and</strong> Rossel<br />
(2002), Ni et al. (2002), Noren et al. (2002), St. George <strong>and</strong> Nielsen (2002), Fye et al. (2003),<br />
Schimmelmann et al. (2003), Shapley et al. (2005), Wolfe et al. (2005), Carson et al. (2007),<br />
Pinter et al. (2008), Collins (2009), Cunderlik <strong>and</strong> Ouarda (2009) <strong>and</strong> Villarini <strong>and</strong> Smith (2010).<br />
For Asia, see Cluis <strong>and</strong> Laberge (2001), Jiang et al. (2005), Zhang et al. (2007), Zhang et al.<br />
(2009), <strong>and</strong> Panin <strong>and</strong> Nefedov (2010), while for South America, see Wells (1990), Magillian <strong>and</strong><br />
Goldstein (2001) <strong>and</strong> Rein et al. (2004), <strong>and</strong> for Africa, see Heine (2004).<br />
With respect to prior observed effects of warming on drought, we find that <strong>the</strong> peer-reviewed<br />
scientific literature clearly demonstrates that <strong>the</strong> climate-model-based claim of more frequent<br />
<strong>and</strong> severe droughts being induced by global warming is also false. And we begin our review of<br />
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