Carbon Dioxide and Earth's Future Pursuing the ... - Magazooms
Carbon Dioxide and Earth's Future Pursuing the ... - Magazooms
Carbon Dioxide and Earth's Future Pursuing the ... - Magazooms
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determined that “direct economic losses trended upward significantly over <strong>the</strong> past 24 years,”<br />
but that “<strong>the</strong> trend disappears if considering <strong>the</strong> rapid increase of <strong>the</strong> annual total gross<br />
domestic product of China, suggesting that <strong>the</strong> upward trend in direct economic losses is a<br />
result of Chinese economic development.” They also stated that “<strong>the</strong>re is no significant trend<br />
in tropical cyclone casualties over <strong>the</strong> past 24 years,” <strong>and</strong> that it is only because “<strong>the</strong> Chinese<br />
economy has been booming since <strong>the</strong> early 1980s” that <strong>the</strong>re has been an increasing trend in<br />
typhoon-caused economic losses between 1983 <strong>and</strong> 2006. And <strong>the</strong>y additionally noted that<br />
“after adjusting for inflation, wealth, <strong>and</strong> population," Pielke <strong>and</strong> L<strong>and</strong>sea (1998) <strong>and</strong> Pielke et<br />
al. (2008) also "found no significant trend in economic losses caused by l<strong>and</strong>falling tropical<br />
cyclones.”<br />
Contemporaneously, Kubota <strong>and</strong> Chan (2009) created a unique dataset of TLP (tropical cyclone<br />
l<strong>and</strong>fall numbers in <strong>the</strong> Philippines) based on historical observations of TC tracks during <strong>the</strong><br />
period 1901-1940, which were obtained from Monthly Bulletins of <strong>the</strong> Philippine Wea<strong>the</strong>r<br />
Bureau along with TLP data obtained from <strong>the</strong> Joint Typhoon Warning Center for <strong>the</strong> period<br />
1945-2005, which <strong>the</strong>y used to investigate <strong>the</strong> TC-global warming hypo<strong>the</strong>sis. And by <strong>the</strong>se<br />
means <strong>the</strong> two researchers discovered, via <strong>the</strong> data plotted in <strong>the</strong> figure below, that “<strong>the</strong> TLP<br />
has an apparent oscillation of about 32 years before 1939 <strong>and</strong> an oscillation of about 10-22<br />
years after 1945.” Most important of all, <strong>the</strong>y reported that “no long-term trend is found.” In<br />
addition, <strong>the</strong>y determined that “natural variability related to ENSO <strong>and</strong> PDO phases appears to<br />
prevail in <strong>the</strong> interdecadal variability of TLP.”<br />
Philippine tropical cyclone l<strong>and</strong>fall numbers vs. year. Adapted from Kubota <strong>and</strong> Chan (2009).<br />
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