Carbon Dioxide and Earth's Future Pursuing the ... - Magazooms

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Also working “down under” -- with sediment cores extracted from Lake Tutira on New Zealand's
North Island -- were Page et al. (2010), who developed a 7200-year history of the frequency and
magnitude of storm activity, based on analyses of (1) sediment grain size, (2) diatom, pollen and
spore types and concentrations, plus (3) carbon and nitrogen concentrations, together with (4)
tephra and radiocarbon dating. This work revealed, as they describe it, that “the average
frequency of all storm layers is one in five years,” but that “for storm layers >= 1.0 cm thick, the
average frequency is every 53 years.” And in this regard, they report that over the course of
their record, “there are 25 periods with an increased frequency of large storms,” the onset and
cessation of which stormy periods “was usually abrupt, occurring on an inter-annual to decadal
scale.” They also note that the duration of these stormy periods “ranged mainly from several
decades to a century,” but that “a few were up to several centuries long,” while “intervals
between stormy periods range from about thirty years to a century.” Most importantly of all,
however, they found that millennial-scale cooling periods tended to “coincide with periods of
increased storminess in the Tutira record, while warmer events match less stormy periods.”
Studying the entire Southern Hemisphere were Simmonds and Keay (2000), who employed a
new cyclone finding and tracking scheme to conduct what they said was “arguably the most
reliable analysis of Southern Hemisphere cyclone variability undertaken to date.” This work
revealed that the annual average number of cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere experienced
a steady increase from the start of the assessment period. After peaking in 1972, however,
there was an overall decline; and they stated that “the counts in the 1990s have been
particularly low.” Simultaneously, they detected a small increase in mean cyclone radius; but
they noted that this effect only served to “partially offset the effect of the remarkable decrease
in cyclone numbers,” which they said was “associated with a warming Southern Hemisphere.”
Moving back north, and realizing that “understanding the behavior and frequency of severe
storms in the past is crucial for the prediction of future events,” Yu et al. (2004) devised a way
to decipher the history of severe storms in the southern South China Sea. Working at Youngshu
Reef (9°32’-9°42’N, 112°52 -113°04’E), they used both standard radiocarbon dating and TIMS Useries
dating to determine the times of occurrence of storms that were strong enough to
actually “relocate” large Porites coral blocks that are widespread on the reef flats there. And in
doing so, they determined that “during the past 1000 years, at least six exceptionally strong
storms occurred,” yet none of them occurred during the past millennium’s last century, which
climate alarmists claim to have been the warmest of that period.
Up in the North Atlantic, Dawson et al. (2003) developed relationships between temperature
and storminess from Greenland ice-core δ 18 O data (which correlate with temperature) and Na +
(sea-salt) concentration data (which correlate with North Atlantic winter storminess) over the
period AD 1000 to 1987. And as a result of their efforts, they discovered “it is extremely rare to
find any year during the last thousand when high Na + concentrations coincided with extremely
warm years,” additionally noting that “the highest Na + values are associated with years that
were exceptionally cold.”
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