MIMO and Smart Antennas for Mobile Broadband ... - 4G Americas

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Number of Antennas 2 2Element Separation 20 λ 0.12 λ (cross-polarized)# Independent Channel Realizations 10,000Figure 105 – MIMO channel model.Figure 106 – Channel parameters.In an effort to isolate the effect of realistic antennas, we compute the capacity at a given average SNR atthe antenna input by averaging the Shannon capacity over multiple independently faded channelrealizations. By further accounting for the angular power distributions in azimuth and elevation, 60 we cancompare the results of a realistic set of antennas with the results of doing the same with an isotropicantenna and gain insight into the capacity impact of more realistic antennas. Figure 107 shows the resultof this for both 2.6 GHz and 780 MHz antennas. Note that the orientations are averaged to provide oneresulting curve. UE is moving at the speed of 10 m/s. Looking at the 10 dB SNR mark, it can be seenthat an extra dB of SNR for the UE with an IFA antenna pair is needed to achieve the capacity upper limitthat you would get with an isotropic antenna pair. At 10 dB SNR, there is a loss of 0.5 bps/Hz or 9.5% forthe UE with 2.6 GHz IFA antenna pair. For 780 MHz antenna pair, there is a loss of 1.8 bps/Hz or 35% at10 dB. Note that in all the simulations, the effect of antenna efficiency is incorporated.4G Americas MIMO and Smart Antennas for Mobile Systems – October 2012 – All Rights Reserved120
Figure 107 – Shannon upper limit capacity at 2.6 GHz and 780 MHz in an urban macro cell environment with two transmit and tworeceive antennas.In conclusion, we have examined the effects of realistic antennas in a smart-phone form factor on linkbudget performance and maximum link capacity. We have noted from a study performed for thisdocument that there will be a link budget improvement of 2 dB at lower frequencies to around 6 dB atsome of the higher LTE frequency bands. Others have shown greater gains than that. On the otherhand, we see that realistic antenna designs in realistic environments will see of loss of maximum capacitypotential of over 30%.7.2 UE PERFORMANCE AT 750 MHZ WITH MIMOIn order to obtain insight into the MIMO performance at lower frequencies, a number of studies,simulations, and field trials have been carried out on four realistic dual-antenna devices. First, theantenna characteristics at link level are analyzed followed by system simulations. Finally, the devices areused in a field trial to assess the performance in a cellular network.A set of realistic dual-antenna phones 61 has been manufactured, and simulations and measurementshave been performed at both antenna level and system level to assess the performance at 750 MHz.Four different dual-antenna UE devices are used. Two feature-sized phones were designed with the outerdimensions 115 x 65 x 12 mm 3 (0.29λ x 0.16λ x 0.03λ at 750 MHz). The first Feature Phone (FPA) has amonopole main antenna located at the bottom edge of the device, while an equally aligned secondmonopole antenna is placed at the top edge. The second Feature-Phone (FPB) has a notch orthogonallyplaced along the side edge as the second antenna. Another set of two slightly larger phones has theouter dimensions of a smart-phone, e.g. 150 x 73 x 22 mm 3 (0.37λ x 0.18λ x 0.06λ at 750 MHz). The4G Americas MIMO and Smart Antennas for Mobile Systems – October 2012 – All Rights Reserved121
Page 1 and 2:
MIMO and Smart Antennasfor 3G and 4
Page 3 and 4:
5 Small Cells and HetNet Deployment
Page 5 and 6:
5) Smart antennas provide the next
Page 7 and 8:
toward the ground where the mobile
Page 9 and 10:
could then be tailored using mechan
Page 11 and 12:
Figure 6 - Antenna technology curre
Page 13 and 14:
1.3 INTEGRATED RADIO/ANTENNAFigure
Page 15 and 16:
Figure 10 - Link budget comparison
Page 17 and 18:
1.4 ACTIVE ANTENNA SYSTEM (AAS) TEC
Page 19 and 20:
and combinations of carriers that c
Page 21 and 22:
example, a rural base station with
Page 23 and 24:
eamwidth is typically fixed if area
Page 25 and 26:
for flat rural scenarios with large
Page 27 and 28:
Figure 22, for unprocessed and fitt
Page 29 and 30:
Note that this is likely a general
Page 31 and 32:
carrier frequency) limited uplink t
Page 33 and 34:
These transmission modes are implem
Page 35 and 36:
Code Book 1 Layer 2 Layers0 1√2 1
Page 37 and 38:
codebook entry 2 will reduce interf
Page 39 and 40:
Trans. ModeAntennaConfig. Figure De
Page 41 and 42:
It is important to note that the ga
Page 43 and 44:
5 inputs forming the five beams sho
Page 45 and 46:
Figure 32 - Downlink bit rate (left
Page 47 and 48:
system simulation CDF for the anten
Page 49 and 50:
Figure 36 - Calibration network blo
Page 51 and 52:
smaller allocation. MU-MIMO transmi
Page 53 and 54:
1D Reconfigurable beam (RET)[tiltin
Page 55 and 56:
3.3 COMPARISON OF RET, 2D, AND 3D R
Page 57 and 58:
3.5 NETWORK OPTIMIZATION VERSUS LOA
Page 59 and 60:
Figure 40 - Distribution of the ant
Page 61 and 62:
• In this case, reconfigurable be
Page 63 and 64:
Figure 43 - Typical cell site showi
Page 65 and 66:
4.2 CURRENT DEPLOYMENTSOne operator
Page 67 and 68:
Figure 46 - Common monopole during
Page 69 and 70: Figure 48 - Mast with 11 operators
Page 71 and 72: Figure 50 - Antenna mount with Remo
Page 73 and 74: (a) (b) (c)Figure 52 - Small cell s
Page 75 and 76: 6 MISCELLANEOUS COMMERCIAL AND DEPL
Page 77 and 78: Figure 54AFigure 54BFigure 54 — H
Page 79 and 80: The widely used 65º azimuth antenn
Page 81 and 82: Figure 59 — Mathematical results
Page 83 and 84: Recall that the new rules of thumb
Page 85 and 86: 300∑P60SPR(%) =60P∑300Undesired
Page 87 and 88: --Co-Polarization--Cross-Polarizati
Page 89 and 90: 6.2.2 EFFECTS OF INCORRECT ANTENNA
Page 91 and 92: any third order intermodulation pro
Page 93 and 94: A RRH, also known as a Remote Radio
Page 95 and 96: delays of each transmit path. These
Page 97 and 98: equired at the antenna. In addition
Page 99 and 100: Figure 72 - Photograph of the const
Page 101 and 102: These cables, being a stranded cons
Page 103 and 104: 6.6.5 ADVANTAGES OF REMOTE FIBER FE
Page 105 and 106: Figure 79 - Diplexer.Figure 80 - Tr
Page 107 and 108: Figure 81 - Hybrid combiningcable l
Page 109 and 110: ports. Integrated duplexers route t
Page 111 and 112: Figure 90 - Antenna sharing usingTX
Page 113 and 114: 6.7.13 CONFIGURATIONSThe key elemen
Page 115 and 116: 6.8 INDOOR DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYST
Page 117 and 118: een proven by experiment that a spa
Page 119: 2600 6 to 9 --Table 7 - Link budget
Page 123 and 124: achieve MIMO performance on par wit
Page 125 and 126: It is evident from the trial that M
Page 127 and 128: Figure 112 - Example antennas from
Page 129 and 130: 1st Upper Sidelobe Level of the 1st
Page 131 and 132: H/V TrackingDiscrimination between
Page 133 and 134: Digital RF converterto LNAPAdigital
Page 135 and 136: 27 Section 7.1 of 3GPP Section 7.1
Page 137 and 138: 51 IST-4-027756 WINNER, D1.1.2 V1.1
show all

MIMO and Smart Antennas for Mobile Broadband ... - 4G Americas

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?