MIMO and Smart Antennas for Mobile Broadband ... - 4G Americas

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CONTENTSSummary .................................................................................................................................................. 4INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 41 Antenna Fundamentals ..................................................................................................................... 61.1 Base Station Antenna Types and Evolution .............................................................................. 81.2 Reconfigurable Beam Antenna ................................................................................................ 111.3 Integrated Radio/Antenna ........................................................................................................ 131.4 Active Antenna System (AAS) Technology ............................................................................. 171.5 High Gain Antennas for Wide Area ......................................................................................... 221.6 Commercial Antenna Types Supplied – One Vendor .............................................................. 272 MIMO with LTE ............................................................................................................................... 302.1 LTE Downlink MIMO Basics .................................................................................................... 312.2 Antennas for MIMO .................................................................................................................. 382.3 Antenna Array Calibration ........................................................................................................ 473 Reconfigurable Beam Antennas ..................................................................................................... 523.1 How Reconfigurable Beam Antennas Work ............................................................................ 523.2 Use Cases of Reconfigurable Beam Antennas in 3G Networks ............................................. 533.3 Comparison of RET, 2D, and 3D Reconfigurable Beam Antennas ......................................... 553.4 Measurement of Coverage, Interference, and Load Balancing with Reconfigurable BeamAntennas ............................................................................................................................................ 553.5 Network Optimization Versus Load Balancing ........................................................................ 573.6 Antenna Beam width Distribution ............................................................................................ 583.7 Reconfigurable Beam Antennas – Cyclical Traffic Pattern Management ............................... 593.8 Reconfigurable Beam Antenna Summary ............................................................................... 604 Deployment Scenarios .................................................................................................................... 614.1 Typical Cell Site Architecture ................................................................................................... 614.2 Current Deployments ............................................................................................................... 654G Americas MIMO and Smart Antennas for Mobile Systems – October 2012 – All Rights Reserved2
5 Small Cells and HetNet Deployment .............................................................................................. 716 Miscellaneous Commercial and Deployment Issues ...................................................................... 756.1 Constraints on the Antenna Deployments due to Commercial Considerations ...................... 756.2 Electrical and Mechanical Tilting of Antennas ......................................................................... 766.3 Passive Intermodulation (PIM) Site Considerations ................................................................ 906.4 Independent Antenna Tilt Optimization by Air Interface .......................................................... 916.5 Remote Radio Heads for MIMO .............................................................................................. 926.6 Cable Tradeoffs for Remote Radio Heads .............................................................................. 966.7 Co-Siting of Multiple Base Stations and Technologies .......................................................... 1036.8 Indoor Distributed Antenna System — MIMO Coverage ....................................................... 1157 Terminal Antennas ........................................................................................................................ 1177.1 Prospects and Characteristics of Multiple Antennas in Terminals ........................................ 1177.2 UE Performance at 750 MHz with MIMO .............................................................................. 1217.3 Current Status of terminal antennas ...................................................................................... 125Definitions and Acronymns .................................................................................................................. 128References ........................................................................................................................................... 133Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………………………1384G Americas MIMO and Smart Antennas for Mobile Systems – October 2012 – All Rights Reserved3
Page 1: MIMO and Smart Antennasfor 3G and 4
Page 5 and 6: 5) Smart antennas provide the next
Page 7 and 8: toward the ground where the mobile
Page 9 and 10: could then be tailored using mechan
Page 11 and 12: Figure 6 - Antenna technology curre
Page 13 and 14: 1.3 INTEGRATED RADIO/ANTENNAFigure
Page 15 and 16: Figure 10 - Link budget comparison
Page 17 and 18: 1.4 ACTIVE ANTENNA SYSTEM (AAS) TEC
Page 19 and 20: and combinations of carriers that c
Page 21 and 22: example, a rural base station with
Page 23 and 24: eamwidth is typically fixed if area
Page 25 and 26: for flat rural scenarios with large
Page 27 and 28: Figure 22, for unprocessed and fitt
Page 29 and 30: Note that this is likely a general
Page 31 and 32: carrier frequency) limited uplink t
Page 33 and 34: These transmission modes are implem
Page 35 and 36: Code Book 1 Layer 2 Layers0 1√2 1
Page 37 and 38: codebook entry 2 will reduce interf
Page 39 and 40: Trans. ModeAntennaConfig. Figure De
Page 41 and 42: It is important to note that the ga
Page 43 and 44: 5 inputs forming the five beams sho
Page 45 and 46: Figure 32 - Downlink bit rate (left
Page 47 and 48: system simulation CDF for the anten
Page 49 and 50: Figure 36 - Calibration network blo
Page 51 and 52: smaller allocation. MU-MIMO transmi
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1D Reconfigurable beam (RET)[tiltin
Page 55 and 56:
3.3 COMPARISON OF RET, 2D, AND 3D R
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3.5 NETWORK OPTIMIZATION VERSUS LOA
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Figure 40 - Distribution of the ant
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• In this case, reconfigurable be
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Figure 43 - Typical cell site showi
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4.2 CURRENT DEPLOYMENTSOne operator
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Figure 46 - Common monopole during
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Figure 48 - Mast with 11 operators
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Figure 50 - Antenna mount with Remo
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(a) (b) (c)Figure 52 - Small cell s
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6 MISCELLANEOUS COMMERCIAL AND DEPL
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Figure 54AFigure 54BFigure 54 — H
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The widely used 65º azimuth antenn
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Figure 59 — Mathematical results
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Recall that the new rules of thumb
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300∑P60SPR(%) =60P∑300Undesired
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--Co-Polarization--Cross-Polarizati
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6.2.2 EFFECTS OF INCORRECT ANTENNA
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any third order intermodulation pro
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A RRH, also known as a Remote Radio
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delays of each transmit path. These
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equired at the antenna. In addition
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Figure 72 - Photograph of the const
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These cables, being a stranded cons
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6.6.5 ADVANTAGES OF REMOTE FIBER FE
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Figure 79 - Diplexer.Figure 80 - Tr
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Figure 81 - Hybrid combiningcable l
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ports. Integrated duplexers route t
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Figure 90 - Antenna sharing usingTX
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6.7.13 CONFIGURATIONSThe key elemen
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6.8 INDOOR DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYST
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een proven by experiment that a spa
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2600 6 to 9 --Table 7 - Link budget
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Figure 107 - Shannon upper limit ca
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achieve MIMO performance on par wit
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It is evident from the trial that M
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Figure 112 - Example antennas from
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1st Upper Sidelobe Level of the 1st
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H/V TrackingDiscrimination between
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Digital RF converterto LNAPAdigital
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27 Section 7.1 of 3GPP Section 7.1
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51 IST-4-027756 WINNER, D1.1.2 V1.1
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