MIMO and Smart Antennas for Mobile Broadband ... - 4G Americas

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Figure 18 – Visual impact of 5 m high-gain antenna (near tower top) operating at 1900 MHz compared to tower,conventional sector antenna, and microwave link antennas when using (a) default color scheme and (b) color schemedesigned to blend in with the tower structure.1.5.4 DEPLOYMENT SCENARIOSHigh-gain antennas are primarily suitable for scenarios with limited elevation angular spread. Theantenna elevation beam shall be wide enough to cover the angular interval corresponding to theterrain profile of the served cell, i.e., the user distribution. Angular distributions for four differentscenarios are presented Figure 19. Two different inter-site distances (ISD) are assumed, 1732 m and5000 m, modeling relatively low-density site deployments, and the antenna height is 30 m. Normaldistributedvariations in the UE vertical position is assumed with standard deviations (STD) of 5 m and10 m, both representing flat propagation environments, and shadowing effects are ignored. The UEpositions are concentrated within narrow angular intervals of about 5 and 2 degrees for inter-sitedistance of 1732 m and 5000 m, respectively, for both settings of standard deviation. This implies that4G Americas MIMO and Smart Antennas for Mobile Systems – October 2012 – All Rights Reserved24
for flat rural scenarios with large inter-site distances, the elevation half-power beamwidth can be on theorder of a few degrees or less without loss of coverage.An example of predicted coverage from a cell planning tool is shown in Figure 20 for a standard 18 dBisector antenna and two different high-gain antennas with 21 dBi and 23 dBi gain. These high-gainantennas have half-power vertical beamwidths of approximately 3.5 and 2.1 degrees, respectively,matching the angular distribution of the larger cell scenario in Figure 19. The coverage areas (blue)with the high-gain antennas are increased by about 40% and 60%, respectively, in this example.Figure 19 – Angle distributions to all positions in cell for different inter-site distances (ISD) and standard deviations (STD) of UEvertical position.(a) (b) (c)Figure 20 – Predicted coverage area (blue) for antennas with (a) 18 dBi, (b) 21 dBi, and (c) 23 dBi gain.4G Americas MIMO and Smart Antennas for Mobile Systems – October 2012 – All Rights Reserved25
Page 1 and 2: MIMO and Smart Antennasfor 3G and 4
Page 3 and 4: 5 Small Cells and HetNet Deployment
Page 5 and 6: 5) Smart antennas provide the next
Page 7 and 8: toward the ground where the mobile
Page 9 and 10: could then be tailored using mechan
Page 11 and 12: Figure 6 - Antenna technology curre
Page 13 and 14: 1.3 INTEGRATED RADIO/ANTENNAFigure
Page 15 and 16: Figure 10 - Link budget comparison
Page 17 and 18: 1.4 ACTIVE ANTENNA SYSTEM (AAS) TEC
Page 19 and 20: and combinations of carriers that c
Page 21 and 22: example, a rural base station with
Page 23: eamwidth is typically fixed if area
Page 27 and 28: Figure 22, for unprocessed and fitt
Page 29 and 30: Note that this is likely a general
Page 31 and 32: carrier frequency) limited uplink t
Page 33 and 34: These transmission modes are implem
Page 35 and 36: Code Book 1 Layer 2 Layers0 1√2 1
Page 37 and 38: codebook entry 2 will reduce interf
Page 39 and 40: Trans. ModeAntennaConfig. Figure De
Page 41 and 42: It is important to note that the ga
Page 43 and 44: 5 inputs forming the five beams sho
Page 45 and 46: Figure 32 - Downlink bit rate (left
Page 47 and 48: system simulation CDF for the anten
Page 49 and 50: Figure 36 - Calibration network blo
Page 51 and 52: smaller allocation. MU-MIMO transmi
Page 53 and 54: 1D Reconfigurable beam (RET)[tiltin
Page 55 and 56: 3.3 COMPARISON OF RET, 2D, AND 3D R
Page 57 and 58: 3.5 NETWORK OPTIMIZATION VERSUS LOA
Page 59 and 60: Figure 40 - Distribution of the ant
Page 61 and 62: • In this case, reconfigurable be
Page 63 and 64: Figure 43 - Typical cell site showi
Page 65 and 66: 4.2 CURRENT DEPLOYMENTSOne operator
Page 67 and 68: Figure 46 - Common monopole during
Page 69 and 70: Figure 48 - Mast with 11 operators
Page 71 and 72: Figure 50 - Antenna mount with Remo
Page 73 and 74: (a) (b) (c)Figure 52 - Small cell s
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6 MISCELLANEOUS COMMERCIAL AND DEPL
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Figure 54AFigure 54BFigure 54 — H
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The widely used 65º azimuth antenn
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Figure 59 — Mathematical results
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Recall that the new rules of thumb
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300∑P60SPR(%) =60P∑300Undesired
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--Co-Polarization--Cross-Polarizati
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6.2.2 EFFECTS OF INCORRECT ANTENNA
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any third order intermodulation pro
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A RRH, also known as a Remote Radio
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delays of each transmit path. These
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equired at the antenna. In addition
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Figure 72 - Photograph of the const
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These cables, being a stranded cons
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6.6.5 ADVANTAGES OF REMOTE FIBER FE
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Figure 79 - Diplexer.Figure 80 - Tr
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Figure 81 - Hybrid combiningcable l
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ports. Integrated duplexers route t
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Figure 90 - Antenna sharing usingTX
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6.7.13 CONFIGURATIONSThe key elemen
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6.8 INDOOR DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYST
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een proven by experiment that a spa
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2600 6 to 9 --Table 7 - Link budget
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Figure 107 - Shannon upper limit ca
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achieve MIMO performance on par wit
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It is evident from the trial that M
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Figure 112 - Example antennas from
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1st Upper Sidelobe Level of the 1st
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H/V TrackingDiscrimination between
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Digital RF converterto LNAPAdigital
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27 Section 7.1 of 3GPP Section 7.1
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51 IST-4-027756 WINNER, D1.1.2 V1.1
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MIMO and Smart Antennas for Mobile Broadband ... - 4G Americas

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