<strong>of</strong> diverse cultures. In this manner, all other peoples, and notjust the small and weak ones, will lose their identity, theirsoul, and will become no more than twenty-first-centurycolonies—zombies or caricatures modeled after the culturalnorms <strong>of</strong> a new imperialism that, in addition to ruling overthe planet with its capital, military might, and scientificknowledge, will impose on others its language and its ways<strong>of</strong> thinking, believing, enjoying, and dreaming.This nightmare or negative utopia <strong>of</strong> a world that, thanks toglobalization, is losing its linguistic and cultural diversity andis being culturally appropriated by the United States, is not theexclusive domain <strong>of</strong> left-wing politicians nostalgic for Marx, Mao,or Che Guevara. This delirium <strong>of</strong> persecution—spurred by hatredand rancor toward the North American giant—is also apparentin developed countries and nations <strong>of</strong> high culture and is sharedamong political sectors <strong>of</strong> the left, center, and right.<strong>The</strong> most notorious case is that <strong>of</strong> France, where we see frequentgovernment campaigns in defense <strong>of</strong> a French “cultural identity”supposedly threatened by globalization. A vast array <strong>of</strong> intellectualsand politicians is alarmed by the possibility that the soil thatproduced Montaigne, Descartes, Racine, and Baudelaire—and acountry that was long the arbiter <strong>of</strong> fashion in clothing, thought,art, dining, and in all domains <strong>of</strong> the spirit—can be invaded byMcDonald’s, Pizza Hut, Kentucky Fried Chicken, rock, rap,Hollywood movies, blue jeans, sneakers, and T-shirts. This fearhas resulted, for instance, in massive French subsidies for the localfilm industry and demands for quotas requiring theaters to showa certain number <strong>of</strong> national films and limit the importation<strong>of</strong> movies from the United States. This fear is also the reasonwhy municipalities issued severe directives penalizing with highfines any publicity announcements that littered with Anglicismsthe language <strong>of</strong> Molière. (Although, judging by the view <strong>of</strong> apedestrian on the streets <strong>of</strong> Paris, the directives were not quiterespected.) This is the reason why José Bové, the farmer-cumcrusaderagainst la malbouffe (lousy food), has become no lessthan a popular hero in France. And with his recent sentencingto three months in prison, his popularity has likely increased.115
Even though I believe this cultural argument against globalizationis unacceptable, we should recognize that deep within itlies an unquestionable truth. This century, the world in whichwe will live will be less picturesque and imbued with less localcolor than the one we left behind. <strong>The</strong> festivals, attire, customs,ceremonies, rites, and beliefs that in the past gave humanity itsfolkloric and ethnological variety are progressively disappearingor confining themselves to minority sectors, while the bulk <strong>of</strong>society abandons them and adopts others more suited to thereality <strong>of</strong> our time. All countries <strong>of</strong> the earth experience thisprocess, some more quickly than others, but it is not due toglobalization. Rather, it is due to modernization, <strong>of</strong> which theformer is effect, not cause. It is possible to lament, certainly, thatthis process occurs, and to feel nostalgia for the eclipse <strong>of</strong> the pastways <strong>of</strong> life that, particularly from our comfortable vantage point<strong>of</strong> the present, seem full <strong>of</strong> amusement, originality, and color.But this process is unavoidable. Totalitarian regimes in countrieslike Cuba or North Korea, fearful that any opening will destroythem, close themselves <strong>of</strong>f and issue all types <strong>of</strong> prohibitions andcensures against modernity. But even they are unable to impedemodernity’s slow infiltration and its gradual undermining <strong>of</strong> theirso-called cultural identity. In theory, perhaps, a country couldkeep this identity, but only if—like certain remote tribes in Africaor the Amazon—it decides to live in total isolation, cutting <strong>of</strong>fall exchange with other nations and practicing self-sufficiency. Acultural identity preserved in this form would take that societyback to prehistoric standards <strong>of</strong> living.It is true that modernization makes many forms <strong>of</strong> traditionallife disappear. But at the same time, it opens opportunities andconstitutes an important step forward for a society as a whole.That is why, when given the option to choose freely, peoples,sometimes counter to what their leaders or intellectual traditionalistswould like, opt for modernization without the slightestambiguity.<strong>The</strong> allegations against globalization and in favor <strong>of</strong> culturalidentity reveal a static conception <strong>of</strong> culture that has no historicalbasis. Which cultures have ever remained identical and unchangedover time? To find them we must search among the small and116
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The Morality of CapitalismWhat Your
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ContentsIntroduction: The Morality
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Introduction: The Morality of Capit
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China, Morocco, the United States,
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in a friendly sense.” 9 The word
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Marx saw the “bourgeoisie” as i
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usinesses rising and falling more r
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and one an economist, and an interv
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Section IThe Virtues ofEntrepreneur
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is why I was mentioning the sophomo
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our society are motivated by purpos
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promote microfinance in poor countr
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ownership of wealth, was highly str
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in the world for a couple of hundre
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without a strong business sector th
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lightning rod and Watt’s steam en
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Competition and CooperationBy David
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advocates of “back to nature”
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that the associations within civil
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For-Profit Medicine and the Compass
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Profit and CompassionThat’s too s
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The Paradox of MoralityBy Mao Yushi
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after assessing the situation, sett
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efrigerators and color TVs, are onl
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epair trade are crowded out by the
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person, followed the principle of e
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if in return for A taking the bigge
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The Moral Logic of Equality and Ine
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equality in exchange is economicall
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eliminate or to establish inequalit
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earned by the poorest 10% of the po
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Adam Smith and the Myth of GreedBy
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- Page 134 and 135: Index of Proper Names(Chinese names
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