working life of women seventeenth century - School of Economics ...

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PROFESSIONS PROFESSIONS 261first made a free citizen, and then a free brother ofthe company. Whereas, also, there are divers womenand others within this city, altogether unskilled inthe art of chirurgery, who do oftentimes take cureson them, to the great danger of the patient, it istherefore ordered, that no such woman, or any othe;shall take or meddle with any cure of chirurgery,wherefore they, or any of them shall have or takeany money, benefit or other reward for the same,upon pain that every delinquent shall for every cureto be taken in hand, or meddled with, contrary tothis order, unless she or they shall be first allowed bythis Company, forfeit and lose to the use of thisCompany the sum of ten shillings."'The Apothecaries were separated from the Grocersin 1617, the charter of their company providing thatc
262 PROFESSIONS PROFESSIONS 263the energy of the parties interested, it is difficult todetermine what was their actual and immediate effecton the medical practice of women. Statute 3, HenryVIII., must have been enforced with some severity,for a later one declares " Sithence the making of whichsaid Act the companie & felowship of surgeons ofI,ondon, minding oonly their own lucres, and nothingthe profit or ease of the diseased or patient, have sued,troubled and vexed divers honest persons as well menas women, whom God hath endued with the knowledgeof the nature, kind, and operation of certain herbes,roots and waters, and the using & ministering ofthem to such as been pained with customable diseases,as women's breasts being sore, a pin and the web in theeye, &C., &C., and yet the said persons have not takenany thing for their pains or cunning."'Not only the Surgeons but the Apothecaries also,enforced observance of the privileges which the Kinghad granted to them, and in consequence a Petitionof many thousands of citizens and inhabitants in andabout London was presented on behalf of Mr. WilliamTrigg, Practitioner of Physick, saying that he " didabundance of good to all sorts of people in and aboutthis City: when most of the Colledge Doctorsdeserted us, since which time your Petitioners havefor above twenty yeares, in their several1 times ofSicknesses, and infirmities taken Physick from him. . . . in which time, we doe verily believe inour consciences, that he hath done good to abovethirty thousand Persons; and that he maketh allhis Compositions himselfe, not taking anythingfor his Physick from poor people ; but ratherreleiving their necessities, nor any money from anyof us for his advice ; and but moderately for hisPhysick : his custome being to take from the middlesort of Patients 12d., 18d., 2s., 2s. 6d. as they pleasetogive, very seldom five shillngs unlesse from such as takeStatutes at Large. 34 Henry VIII. C.8.much Physick with them together into the Countrey.. . . . there is a good and wholesome law madein the 34th year of King Henry 8 C. 8. Permittingevery man that hath knowledge and experience inthe nature of Herbs, Root's and waters, to improvehis Talent for the common good and health of thepeople," and concluding that unless Dr. Trigg isallowed to continue his practice " many poorepeople must of necessity perish to death . . . . .for they are not able to pay great fees to Doctorsand Apothecaries bills which cost more then hisadvice and Physick ; nor can we have accesse untothem when we desire, which we familiarly have toDr. Trigg to our great ease and comfort."'Prudence Ludford, wife of William Ludford ofLittle Barkhampton, was presented in 16S3 " forpractising the profession of a chyrurgeon contraryto law,"2 but many women at this time continuedtheir practice as doctors undisturbed ; for example,Mrs. Lucy Hutchinson casually mentions that oneof her maids went to Colson, to have a sore eye curedby a woman of the town.3 While Mrs. D'ewes wastravelling from Axminster to London by coach, herbaby boy cried so violently all the way, on accountof the roughness of the road that he ruptured himself,and was left behind at Dorchester under the careof Mrs. Margaret Waltham, " a female pra~titioner."~The account books of Boroughs and Parishes showthat the poor received medical treatment from menand women indiscriminately. A whole series of suchpayments occur in the minute book of the DorchesterCorporation. " It is ordered that the V' tobe paid to Peter Salanova for cutting of Gilesl Humble Petition ofmany tbowands ofLondon' Hdford Co. Records, Vol. I. p. 328.Memoirs of Col. Hutcbinson, p. 427.' Yange, Walter, Diary, Intro., xxii.Citizens, and Inbabitanrs in and about
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WORKING LIFE OF WOMENIN THESEVENTEE
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4 INTRODUCTORYtragic class of wage
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8 INTRODUCTORY INTRODUCTORYDomestic
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INTRODUCTORYunmarried girls go out
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I 6 CAPITALISTS CAPITALISTS" I loos
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CAPITALISTSweak woman stands in the
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24 CAPITALISTS CAPITALISTS 25wife t
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2 8 CAPITALISTS CAPITALISTS 29Majes
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32 CAPITALISTSA warrant was issued"
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CAPITALISTSbusiness. " At O~tend, N
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CAPITALISTS CAPITALISTS41thro' her
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AGRICULTUREwas made of their develo
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AGRICULTUREis not drye as it should
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52 AGRICULTURE AGRICULTUREhave of h
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56 AGRICULTUREfor colonists in Virg
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AGRICULTUREmaintain completely the
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64 AGRICULTUREtime was well spent i
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AGRICULTUREExcept in exeptional cir
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72 AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE 73mainta
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76 AGRICULTUREfor the impotent poor
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AGRICULTUREwhich we can imagine tha
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AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE 85by his se
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AGRICULTUREher work, but generosity
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AGRICULTUREwife of Thos. Lyne. Toba
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TEXTILESwas paid better than the la
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TEXTILESroof provided them with the
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104 TEXTILESformulated by 25 Charle
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108 TEXTILES TEXTILES 109until the
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TEXTILESon spinning for their livin
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TEXTILESstill and dry within Doors,
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120 TEXTILES TEXTILESthe cloth made
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124TEXTILES TEXTILESin the closely
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TEXTILESKingdom, it required a grea
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132 TEXTILES TEXTILESnot exceedl6 1
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TEXTILES TEXTILES I37hours in four
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---P-I 4OTEXTILEScan be quoted of t
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'44 TEXTILES TEXTILESWood Streate,
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TEXTILEShigher wages than would hav
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1 52 CRAFTS AND TRADESdebts. For ex
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I 56 CRAFTS AND TRADES CRAFTS AND T
Page 84 and 85: 160 CRAFTS AND TRADES CRAFTS AND TR
Page 86 and 87: 164 CRAFTS AND TRADESAmong thirty-n
Page 88 and 89: CRAFTS AND TRADESalso met with as b
Page 92 and 93: 176 CRAFTS AND TRADESto Henry Joyce
Page 96: CRAFTS AND TRADESWardens and Brothe
Page 99 and 100: P-I9OCRAFTS AND TRADESmarriage ; it
Page 101 and 102: CRAFTS AND TRADEStaken our goods fr
Page 103 and 104: 1g8CRAFTS AND TRADESresources turne
Page 105 and 106: CRAFTS AND TRADESThere were fewer r
Page 109 and 110: CRAFTS AND TRADESA large proportion
Page 111 and 112: 214CRAFTS AND TRADES CRAFTS AND TRA
Page 117: CRAFTS AND TRADES CRAFTS AND TRADES
Page 120 and 121: CRAFTS AND TRADESfrom her fellow pa
Page 122 and 123: PROFESSIONS 237PROFESSIONSIntroduct
Page 124 and 125: 24O PROFESSIONS PROFESSIONStheir Th
Page 126 and 127: 244 PROFESSIONS PROFESSIONS 245the
Page 128 and 129: PROFESSIONS PROFESSIONS 249profanat
Page 130 and 131: 252PROFESSIONSGiles Moore enters in
Page 132 and 133: PROFESSIONScribed as one who " dist
Page 136 and 137: 264 PROFESSIONSGarrett's leg shall
Page 138 and 139: 268 PROFESSIONSwhere there are none
Page 140 and 141: PROFESSIONS PROFESSIONS 273the numb
Page 142 and 143: PROFESSIONSexaminations, before six
Page 144 and 145: PROFESSIONS PROFESSIONS 281death me
Page 146 and 147: 284 PROFESSIONS PROFESSIONSof confi
Page 148 and 149: 288 PROFESSIONSextent they were whe
Page 150 and 151: CONCLUSIONor in her other facilitie
Page 152 and 153: CONCLUSION CONCLUSION 297in women's
Page 154 and 155: CONCLUSIONlaw of Nature, inviolable
Page 156 and 157: CONCLUSIONwere specially deprecated
Page 158 and 159: 308 CONCLUSIONof the State, and the
Page 160 and 161: 312 AUTHORITIES AUTHORITIES 313Cost
Page 162 and 163: AUTHORITIESMartindale, Adam, The Li
Page 164 and 165: County.Buckingham ..Cardigan .. ..C
Page 166 and 167: INDEXINDEXFlax, 64, 146, 246, 291 ;
Page 168: INDEXsmants, women( 50,65,157 ; mam
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