The Soils of Elgin County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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Ayr Soils (AY)Landform and TopographyAyr soils have developed on 40 to 100 anthick veneers of coarse textured lacustrinematerials which are underlain by gravelly coarsetextured fluvial outwash materials . They usuallyoccur on lower slope positions in landscapeswhich have nearly level or very gently undulatingtopography. Slopes are less than 2% .Soil Moisture CharacteristicsAyr soils are poorly drained and rapidlypermeable . The poor drainage conditionsassociated with these soils are caused by highwater table levels which are near the surface forprolonged periods during the year. Ayr soils havelow water holding capacities and slow surfacerunoff .General Soil CharacteristicsThe Ap and Bg horizons usually occur in theupper sandy materials and have sandy loam,loamy sand, or sand textures . The calcareousIICkg horizons generally occur in lower gravellymaterials commonly have gravelly coarse sand,gravelly loamy coarse sand, gravelly sand, orgravelly loamy sand textures .Gray gley colours are dominant in the profile,and prominent dark brown to dark yellowishbrown mottles are also present. Soil reactionranges from neutral in the Ap horizons, to mildlyalkaline in the IICkg horizons . Soil classificationis typically Orthic Humic Gleysol.Soil VariabilityThe aerial extent of Ayr soils in the County islimited. Ayr fine phase soils (AY.F) were mappedwhere 15 to 40 cm of clay loam textured materialsoverly the sandy and gravelly materials . Ayrloamy phase soils (AY.L) were mapped where 15to 40 cm of silt loam and loam textured materialsoverly the sandy and gravelly materials. Ayr soilswere mapped in combination with Camilla soils(CM).Land Use/Management CommentsAyr soils require file drainage in order to reachtheir potential capability for common field cropproduction . They are rated Class 2W or 2WT. Ifthey are the drained, Ayr soils are suitable forgrowing a wide range of special crops . Suitabilityratings for selected special crops are given inTables 6, 7, and 8.Conservation tillage practices should beconsidered for Ayr soils. Ayr fine phase (AY.F)soils, however, are better suited for conventionaltillage practices .Bennington Soils (BN)Landform and TopographyBennington soils have developed on 40 to 100cm thick veneers of medium textured lacustrinematerials which are underlain by fine to very finetextured lacustrine materials . They occur inlandscapes which usually have gently undulatingtopography, and they commonly occur on mid toupper slope positions. Slopes commonly rangefrom 5 to 9% .Soil Moisture CharacteristicsBennington soils are well drained . They areusually moderately permeable through the uppermedium textured materials, and slowly permeablein the lower fine to very fine textured materials .The water holding capacities of Bennington soilsare high. Surface runoff is moderate on verygentle slopes, but can be rapid on steeper slopes .General Soil CharacteristicsThe Ap and Bm horizons usually occur in theupper medium textured materials . They typicallyhave silt loam or loam textures. Clay enriched Btor IIBt horizons commonly occur where themedium textured materials contact the underlyingfine textured materials . Textures of those horizonsfrequently are silt loam, loam, silty clay loam, orsilty clay . The calcareous IICk horizons usuallyhave silty clay loam or silty clay textures . Soilreaction ranges from slightly acid to neutral in theAp horizons, to mildly alkaline in the IICkhorizons. Soil classification is typically BrunisolicGray Brown Luvisol .Soil VariabilityOccasionally very fine sandy loam or finesandy loam textures occur in the upper materials .Layers of medium textured materials also occuroccasionally in the lower fine textured materials .Bennington till phase 03N T) soils were mappedwhere 40 to 100cm of medium textured lacustrinematerials were underlain by fine to very finetextured Port Stanley till. The aerial extents ofBennington (BN) and Bennington till phase(BN.T)soils in the County are limited .Bennington soils were mapped in combinationwith Tavistock (TA) soils, -and Bennington till
phase (BN.T) soils were mapped in combinationwith Tavistock till phase (TA.T) soils .Land Use/Management'CommentsBennington and Bennington till phase soils arerated Class 2M for common field crops whentopography is not a limitation. This is mainly dueto potential moisture deficit conditions which candevelop during the growing season . When thesurface slopes are greater than 5%, they are ratedClass 3T or lower due to topographic limitations .Bennington and Bennington till phase soils arehighly suitable for growing a wide range ofspecial crops . They are rated Class Sl or Class S2for many crops if the surface slopes are not toosteep . Suitability ratings for selected special cropsare given in Tables 6, 7, and 8.Bennington and Bennington till phase soils aresusceptible to water erosion. A crop rotationwhich includes a forage crop, the planting of covercrops, and maintaining high crop residue levelswill aid in reducing the risk of erosion by water.Conservation tillage practices should beconsidered for Bennington and Bennington tillphase soils .Berrien Soils (BE)Landform and TopographyBerrien soils have developed on 40 to 100 cmthick veneers of coarse textured lacustrinematerials which are underlain by fine to very finetextured lacustrine materials . They usually occuron mid to upper slope positions in landscapeswhich have nearly level or very gently undulatingtopography . Slopes generally range from 1 to 5% .Soil Moisture CharacteristicsBerrien soils are . imperfectly drained. Thecoarse textured upper materials are rapidlypermeable but have low water holding capacities .The lower fine textured materials are moderatelyto slowly permeable and generally have highwater holding capacities . Berrien soils usuallyhave slow surface runoff.General Soil CharacteristicsThe Ap, Bmgj, and Btgj horizons usually occurin the upper coarse textured materials. Theycommonly have fine sandy loam, sandy loam, orloamy fine sand textures. Due to clay enrichment,fine sandy loam and sandy loam textures tend tooccur more often in the Btgj horizons. Thecalcareous IICkgj horizons occur in the lower finertextured materials and usually have silty clay loamclay or silty clay textures .Distinct to prominent, yellowish brown to darkyellowish brown mottles occur within the profile.Soil reaction is usually medium acid to neutral inthe upper coarse textured materials, and mildlyalkaline in the lower fine textured materials . Soilclassification is typically Gleyed Brunisolic GrayBrown Luvisol.Soil VariabilityOccasionally Berrien soils have layers ofgravelly materials which occur above the finetextured IICkgj horizons . Layers of silt loam orloam textured materials also occur occasionally inthe lower fine textured materials. Berrien tillphase (BE.T) soils were mapped where 40 to 100cm of coarse textured materials were underlain byfine to very fine textured Port Stanley till.Berrien soils were often mapped incombination with Wauseon (WU), Beverly (BV),Beverly coarse phase (BV.C), Toledo (TO), andToledo coarse phase (TO.C) soils. Berrien tillphase (BE.T) soils were often mapped incombination with Wauseon till phase (WU.T),Gobles loamy phase (GO.L), Gobles coarse phase(GO.C), Kelvin (KE), and Kelvin coarse phase(KE.C) soils .Land Use/Management CommentsBerrien and Berrien till phase soils are ratedClass 1 for common field crops when topographyis not a limitation. They are suitable for a widerange of special crops, and their suitability formany special crops increases if they are thedrained, or if supplemental irrigation is carriedout. Suitability ratings for selected special cropsare given in Tables 6, 7, and 8 .Berrien soils are susceptible to wind erosion.Planting cover crops, establishing windbreaks, andmaintaining high crop residue levels will aid inreducing the risk of erosion by wind .Conservation tillage practices, particularly no-tillpractices, should be considered for these soils .Beverly Soils (BV)Landform and TopographyBeverly soils have developed on blankets offine to very fine textured lacustrine materials .They usually occur on mid to upper slopepositions in landscapes which have nearly level orvery gently undulating topography . Slopes rangefrom 2 to 9%, with slopes of 2 to 5% mostcommon.
Page 1 and 2: The Soils ofElgin CountyVolume 1Min
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe completion of t
Page 5 and 6: Southwold Soils (SO) . . . . . . .
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF FIGURES1 . Soil map index f
Page 9 and 10: 5. More detailed information for a
Page 11 and 12: Table 1 .Climate data for Elgin Cou
Page 13 and 14: Figure 4.Generalized geologic map o
Page 15 and 16: Table 2.Correlation of major soils
Page 17 and 18: Figure 6.Schematic landscape cross-
Page 19 and 20: HOW THE SOILS WERE MAPPED AND CLASS
Page 21 and 22: of soil profiles and horizons which
Page 23 and 24: GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SOILSSo
Page 25 and 26: Table 3.Soils and land units mapped
Page 27: Figure 11 .Soil textural groups and
Page 31 and 32: underlying fine textured materials
Page 33 and 34: atings for selected special crops a
Page 35 and 36: Conservation tillage practices, par
Page 37 and 38: clay. The Ap horizons commonly have
Page 39 and 40: Gobles soils were frequently mapped
Page 41 and 42: Kelvin soils are susceptible to com
Page 43 and 44: Soil Moisture CharacteristicsMiddle
Page 46 and 47: soils which occur in the eastern po
Page 48 and 49: Bluish gray or gray gley colours ar
Page 50 and 51: Stanley till, Tavistock till phase
Page 52 and 53: to neutral in the Ap horizons, to m
Page 54 and 55: tillage practices, particularly no-
Page 56 and 57: Organic (OR)Organic land units usua
Page 58 and 59: eference and also Publication No .
Page 60 and 61: Procedure :1) Locate the symbols 'B
Page 62 and 63: Table 4.Agricultural alnd capabilit
Page 64 and 65: Soil Suitability ClassesDescription
Page 66 and 67: Procedure:1) Locate the symbols 'BV
Page 68 and 69: Table 6.Agricultural land suitabili
Page 70 and 71: Table 6.Agricultural land suitabili
Page 72 and 73: Table 6 .Agricultural land suitabil
Page 74 and 75: Table 6 .Agricultural land suitabil
Page 76 and 77: Table 6. Agricultural land suitabil
Page 78 and 79:
Table 6.Agricultural land suitabili
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Table 7. Agricultural land suitabil
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Table 8 .Agricultural land suitabil
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erosion losses will occur . Potenti
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the average annual soil loss using
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Table 9 . Mean K values, K ranges a
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Table 10.LS values for different co
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Table 13.C values for common field
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Table 14 . C values for some field
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Table 16.C values for some common c
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GLOSSARYAlluvium materialBlanketCal
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ProminentmottlesRaised shorelineSoi
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4. Schut, L.W. and W.G. Stevens . 1
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APPENDIX 1Generalized Soil Informat
Page 128 and 129:
BERRIEN SOIL TILL PHASE (BE.T)GENER
Page 130 and 131:
BURFORD SOIL (BU)GENERALIZED PROFIL
Page 132 and 133:
CAMILLA SOIL (CM)GENERALIZED PROFIL
Page 134 and 135:
GOBLES SOIL (GO)GENERALIZED PROFILE
Page 136 and 137:
KELVIN SOIL (KE)GENERALIZED PROFILE
Page 138 and 139:
MAPLEWOOD SOIL - TILL PHASE (MA.T)G
Page 140 and 141:
NORMANDALE SOIL (NO)GENERALIZED PRO
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STRATHBURN SOIL (ST)GENERALIZED PRO
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TOLEDO SOIL - COARSE PHASE (TO.C)GE
Page 146 and 147:
WATTFORD SOIL (WF)GENERALIZED PROFI
Page 148 and 149:
APPENDIX 2Field Identification of S
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5. Proceed to Figure 13 and determi
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Figure 13 : Field Site Key To Ident
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Figure 14 :Field Site Key To Identi
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A iFigure 15 :Field Site Key To Ide
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Figure 16 : Field Site Key To Ident
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The Soils of Elgin County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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