The Soils of Elgin County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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Table 4.Agricultural alnd capability ratings for common field crops in Elgin County (continued)MapSymbolSoil or Misc.Land UnitB,bCCapability classification by slope classesc D d E e F,f G,gKE Kelvin 3W 3W 3W (5W)*KE.C Kelvin coarse phase 3W 3W 3W (5W)*KE.L Kelvin loamy phase 3W 3W 3W (5W)*KEN Kelvin washed phase 2W 2WE 2WT (4W)*KT Kintyre 2FM 2FM 2ST 2ST 3T 3T 4T 5T 6TMA Maplewood 2W 2WE 2WT (4W)*MA.T Maplewood till phase 2W 2WE 2WT (4W)*ME Melbourne 3D 3D 3DT 3DT 3DT 4T 4T 5T 6TMI Middlemarch 2F 2F 2FT 2FT 3TMK Muirkirk 2W 2W 2W (4W)*MU Muriel - 2D 2DE 2DT 3T 3T 4T 4T 5T 6TMU.L Muriel loamy phase 2D 2DE 2DT 3T 3T 4T 4T 5T 6TMU.W Muriel washed phase 1 2E 2T 3T 3T 4T 4T 5T 6TNM Not Mapped Not RatedNO Normandale 1 2E 2T 3T 3TOR Organic Not RatedPF Plainfield 3F 3F 3F 3F 3FT 3FT 4T 5T 6TSC Scarp (6T-7T)**SH Shedden 2FM 2FM 2ST 2ST 3T 3T 4T < 5T 6TSL Silver Hill 2W 2W 2WT (4W)*SO Southwold 4W 4W 4W (5W)*SP Springwater 3W 3W 3W(5W)*ST Strathburn 3WD 3WD 3WD (5W)*ST.C Strathburn coarse phase 3WD 3WD 3WD (5W)*ST.L Strathbum loamy phase 3WD 3WD 3WD (5W)*SW St . Williams 2W 2WE 2WT (4W)*TA Tavistock 1 2E 2T 3T 3TTA.T Tavistock till phase 1 2E 2T 3T 3TTO Toledo 3W 3W 3W (5W)*TO.C Toledo coarse phase 3W 3W 3W (5W)*TO.L Toledo loamy phase 3W 3W 3W (5W)*TU Tuscola 1 2E 2T 3T 3TTU.C Tuscola coarse phase 1 2E 2T 3T 3TVC Valley Complex (Valley walls : 6T-7T; flood plains: 3I-5I)**VI Vittoria 1 1 2T 2T 3TWA Walsher 2M 2M 2MT 2MT 3T 3T 4T 5T 6TWF Wattford 2M 2ME 2MT 3T 3T 4T 4T 5T 6TWM Walsingham 3F 3F 3F 3F 3FTWN Waterin 3W 3W 3W (4W-5W)*WU Wauseon 2W 2W 2WT (4W)*WU.T Wauseon till phase 2W 2W 2WT (4W)*` Appropriate capability ratings of poorly or very poorly drained soils without drainage improvements. These ratings apply Wall slope classes.., The range of capability ratings which are appropriate for the miscellaneous land unit.60
B .Agricultural Suitability Classification for Special CropsThe Canada Land Inventory (CLI) soilcapability classification system for agriculture (17)is designed for common field crops includingforages, small grains and corn. It is not designed,however, to classify land according to itssuitability for growing other field crops as well ashorticultural crops. Fruit and vegetable crops, andfield crops such as soybeans or tobacco, are notincluded in the classification system . Crops whichfall into these categories and are dealt with furtherin this section will henceforth be referred to asspecial crops".Since a large portion of Elgin County is usedfor growing special crops, a suitability ratingsystem for a number of important agriculturalcrops was devised for the soils of the County . Theratings are based on information obtained fromfield observations, agricultural research andextension personnel, and from review of relevantliterature . The publications "Climate and soilrequirements for economically important crops inCanada" (25), and "A Compilation of Soil, Waterand Climatic Requirements for SelectedHorticultural Crops in Southern Ontario" (26),were especially helpful .(1) Suitability Classification forSpecial CropsThe classification system used to determinesoil suitability ratings is based on a systemdeveloped by the Food and AgricultureOrganization (FAO) of the United Nations, whichis outlined in the FAO bulletin titled "AFramework For Land Evaluation" (27). Somemodifications of the FAO system, however, werenecessary to suit local conditions and the purposefor which the system was being applied . Theresulting modified system consists of five classeswhich is the same number as in the FAO system.The most suitable soils, with no significantlimitations for crop growth and yields, aredesignated Class Sl . Soils designated Classes S2to S4 have decreasing suitability, and soilsdesignated Class N are not suitable.The suitability ratings of soils mapped in theCounty for a number of selected special crops aregiven in Tables 6, 7 and 8 . Each table providesratings for individual crops based on the responseof the crop to various soil conditions, the surfacefeatures of the soil, and management practiceswhich may be carried out. Some crops weregrouped in the tables, however, if they weresimilar or had only subtle differences in regards tothese considerations . The crop groups identified ineach table, and the individual crops whichcompose them, are shown in Table 5.Table 5.Special crop groups in Elgin CountyCropgroupsVegetable crops(see Table 6)Special field crops(see Table 7)Fruit crops(see Table 8)1 Asparagus2 Sweet potatoes3 Irish potatoes4 Cucumbers5 Tomatoes6 Peppers7 Sweet corn8 Brussels sprouts,cauliflower,cabbageTobaccoPeanutsRutabagasSoybeansWhite beansSpring canolaWinter rapeseedRaspberries, strawberriesApples, walnutsPears, plums, heart nuts,filbert nuts
Page 1 and 2:
The Soils ofElgin CountyVolume 1Min
Page 3 and 4:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe completion of t
Page 5 and 6:
Southwold Soils (SO) . . . . . . .
Page 7 and 8:
LIST OF FIGURES1 . Soil map index f
Page 9 and 10:
5. More detailed information for a
Page 11 and 12: Table 1 .Climate data for Elgin Cou
Page 13 and 14: Figure 4.Generalized geologic map o
Page 15 and 16: Table 2.Correlation of major soils
Page 17 and 18: Figure 6.Schematic landscape cross-
Page 19 and 20: HOW THE SOILS WERE MAPPED AND CLASS
Page 21 and 22: of soil profiles and horizons which
Page 23 and 24: GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SOILSSo
Page 25 and 26: Table 3.Soils and land units mapped
Page 27 and 28: Figure 11 .Soil textural groups and
Page 29 and 30: phase (BN.T) soils were mapped in c
Page 31 and 32: underlying fine textured materials
Page 33 and 34: atings for selected special crops a
Page 35 and 36: Conservation tillage practices, par
Page 37 and 38: clay. The Ap horizons commonly have
Page 39 and 40: Gobles soils were frequently mapped
Page 41 and 42: Kelvin soils are susceptible to com
Page 43 and 44: Soil Moisture CharacteristicsMiddle
Page 46 and 47: soils which occur in the eastern po
Page 48 and 49: Bluish gray or gray gley colours ar
Page 50 and 51: Stanley till, Tavistock till phase
Page 52 and 53: to neutral in the Ap horizons, to m
Page 54 and 55: tillage practices, particularly no-
Page 56 and 57: Organic (OR)Organic land units usua
Page 58 and 59: eference and also Publication No .
Page 60 and 61: Procedure :1) Locate the symbols 'B
Page 64 and 65: Soil Suitability ClassesDescription
Page 66 and 67: Procedure:1) Locate the symbols 'BV
Page 68 and 69: Table 6.Agricultural land suitabili
Page 72 and 73: Table 6 .Agricultural land suitabil
Page 76 and 77: Table 6. Agricultural land suitabil
Page 106 and 107: erosion losses will occur . Potenti
Page 108 and 109: the average annual soil loss using
Page 110 and 111: Table 9 . Mean K values, K ranges a
Page 112 and 113:
Table 10.LS values for different co
Page 114 and 115:
Table 13.C values for common field
Page 116 and 117:
Table 14 . C values for some field
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Table 16.C values for some common c
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GLOSSARYAlluvium materialBlanketCal
Page 122 and 123:
ProminentmottlesRaised shorelineSoi
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4. Schut, L.W. and W.G. Stevens . 1
Page 126 and 127:
APPENDIX 1Generalized Soil Informat
Page 128 and 129:
BERRIEN SOIL TILL PHASE (BE.T)GENER
Page 130 and 131:
BURFORD SOIL (BU)GENERALIZED PROFIL
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CAMILLA SOIL (CM)GENERALIZED PROFIL
Page 134 and 135:
GOBLES SOIL (GO)GENERALIZED PROFILE
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KELVIN SOIL (KE)GENERALIZED PROFILE
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MAPLEWOOD SOIL - TILL PHASE (MA.T)G
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NORMANDALE SOIL (NO)GENERALIZED PRO
Page 142 and 143:
STRATHBURN SOIL (ST)GENERALIZED PRO
Page 144 and 145:
TOLEDO SOIL - COARSE PHASE (TO.C)GE
Page 146 and 147:
WATTFORD SOIL (WF)GENERALIZED PROFI
Page 148 and 149:
APPENDIX 2Field Identification of S
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5. Proceed to Figure 13 and determi
Page 152 and 153:
Figure 13 : Field Site Key To Ident
Page 154 and 155:
Figure 14 :Field Site Key To Identi
Page 156 and 157:
A iFigure 15 :Field Site Key To Ide
Page 158 and 159:
Figure 16 : Field Site Key To Ident
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The Soils of Elgin County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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