The Soils of Elgin County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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Stanley till, Tavistock till phase soils were oftenmapped with Bennington till phase (BN.T) andMaplewood till phase (MA.T) soils .Quite often Tavistock and Tavistock till phasesoils were also mapped where the mediumtextured surface materials were thin ordiscontinuous. In those landscapes, Tavistocksoils were often mapped in combination withBeverly (BV) and Beverly loamy phase (BV.L)soils, and Tavistock till phase soils were oftenmapped in combination with Gobles (GO), Goblesloamy phase (GOI), and Kelvin loamy phase(IE.L) soils .Land Use/Management CommentsTavistock and Tavistock till phase soils arerated Class 1 for common field crops whentopography is not a limitation . They are suitablefor a wide range of special crops, and suitabilityincreases for many crops if they are tile drained.Irrigation should be considered before growingcrops such as potatoes, strawberries, orraspberries. Suitability ratings for selected specialcrops are given in Tables 6, 7, and 8.Tavistock and Tavistock till phase soils aresusceptible to water erosion and compaction . Acrop rotation which includes a forage crop will aidin maintaining soil structure and also help toreduce the risk of erosion by water . Plantingcover crops and maintaining high crop residuelevels will also aid in reducing the risk of erosion.Conservation tillage practices, particularly no-tillpractices for fall crops, should be considered forthese soils .Toledo Soils (TO)Landform and TopographyToledo soils have developed on blankets offine to very fine textured lacustrine materials .They usually occur on lower slope positions andin depressions in landscapes which have nearlylevel or very gently undulating topgraphy . Slopesare less than 2%.Soil Moisture CharacteristicsToledo soils are poorly drained and slowlypermeable. Water table levels occur near thesurface for prolonged periods during the year, butusually subside to lower depths during thegrowing season . Toledo soils have high waterholding capacities, and surface runoff is usuallymoderate.General Soil CharacteristicsToledo soil materials contain 27% or more clay .The Ap horizons commonly have silty clay loamor silty clay textures . The Bg and calcareous Ckghorizons tend to have higher clay contents, andusually they have silty clay loam or silty claytextures .Gray gley colours are dominant within theprofile, and prominent strong brown to yellowishbrown mottles are also present. Soil reactionranges from slightly acid to neutral in the Aphorizons, to mildly alkaline in the Ckg horizons .Soil classification is typically Orthic HumicGleysol.Soil VariabilityOccasionally layers of medium or coarsetextured materials occur within the profile . Thelayers are variable in thickness and usually havesilt loam, loam, or kme sandy loam textures .Toledo soils occur where thin caps of medium orcoarse textured materials overly the fine texturedmaterials . Toledo loamy phase (TOI) soils weremapped where 15 to 40 cm of loamy materialswere present at the surface. Toledo coarse phase(TO.C) soils were mapped where the surfacematerials consisted of 15 to 40 cm of sandymaterials .Toledo and Toledo loamy phase soils wereoften mapped in combination with Beverly (BV)and Beverly loamy phase (BV.L) soils.Land Use/Management CommentsToledo soils require the drainage in order toreach their potential capability for common fieldcrop production. They are rated Class3W. If theyare tile drained, Toledo soils are suitable for afairly wide range of special crops. Toledo loamyphase and Toledo coarse phase soils are generallybetter suited for special crops compared to Toledosoils . Suitability ratings for selected special cropsare given in Tables 6, 7, and 8.Toledo soils are susceptible tocompaction, andcare must be taken not to use heavy machinerywhen they are too wet . A crop rotation whichincludes a forage crop will aid in maintaining soilstructure. Conservation tillage practices should beconsidered for Toledo coarse phase soils .Conventional tillage practices, however, are beston Toledo and Toledo loamy phase soils in orderto improve structure and enhance drainage .
Tuscola Soils (TU)Landform and TopographyTuscola soils have developed on blankets ofmedium textured lacustrine materials. Theyusually occur on upper and crest slope positionsin landscapes which have nearly level to verygently undulating topography. Occasionally theyoccur in landscapes which have gently undulatingtopography. Slopes generally range from 2 to 9%,with slopes of 2 to 5% being most common .Soil Moisture CharacteristicsTuscola soils are imperfectly drained . Theyare usually moderately permeable, butpermeability decreases in horizons that are clayeyor compacted . Tuscola soils have high waterholding capacities if permeability is not restricted .Surface runoff is moderate to rapid, depending onthe steepness of the surface slope .General Soil CharacteristicsThe Ap, Bmgj, Btgj, and calcareous Ckgjhorizons which usually occur commonly have siltloam, loam, or very fine sandy loam textures . Theclay enriched Bt horizons, which occasionally alsohave silty clay loam textures, are usually welldeveloped and occur above the Ckgj horizons.Distinct to prominent, yellowish brown tostrong brown mottles occur within the profile .Soil reaction ranges from medium acid to neutralin the Ap horizons, to mildly alkaline in the Ckgjhorizons. Soil classification is typically GleyedBrunisolic Gray Brown Luvisol.Soil VariabilityTuscola soils frequently contain layers of fineor very fine textured materials . The layers arevariable in thickness and usually have silty clayloam or silty clay textures . Occasionally, layers ofcoarse textured materials are also present whichoften have fine sandy loam textures.Tuscola soils occur in landscapes where thincaps of coarse textured materials overly themedium textured materials . Tuscola coarse phase(TU.C) soils were mapped where 15 to 40 cm ofcoarse textured materials were present at thesurface.Tuscola soils frequently were mapped incombination with Beverly loamy phase (BVI),Tavistock (TA), and Colwood (CW) soils . Severelyeroded Tuscola soils occur in portions of somelandscapes .Land Use/Management CommentsWhen topography is not a limitation, Tuscolasoils are rated Class 1 for common field crops .They are suitable for a wide range of specialcrops, and their suitability for many special cropsincreases if they are tile drained. Suitabilityratings for selected special crops are given inTables 6, 7, and 8 .Tuscola soils are susceptible to water erosion .A crop rotation which includes a forage crop,planting cover crops, and maintaining high cropresidue levels will aid in reducing the risk oferosion by water. Conservation tillage practices,particularly no-till practices for fall crops, shouldbe considered for these soils.Vittoria Soils (VI)Landform and TopographyVittoria soils have developed on 40 to 100 cmthick veneers of coarse textured lacustrinematerials whichare underlain by mediumtexturedlacustrine materials . They usually occur on upperand crest slope positions in landscapes which havenearly level or very gently undulating topography.Slopes usually range from 1 to 5%.Soil Moisture CharacteristicsVittoria soils are imperfectly drained. Theyareusually rapidly permeable in the upper coarsetextured materials, and slowly permeable in thelower medium textured materials . Water tablelevels often temporarily occur in the zoneimmediately above the underlying mediumtextured materials . Vittoria soils have moderate tohigh water holding capacities . Surface runoff isslow to moderate, depending on the steepness ofthe surface slope .General Soil CharacteristicsThe Ap and Bmgj horizons most often havefine sand or loamy fine sand textures, but finesandy loam or sandy loam textures are alsocommon . Clay enriched Btgj or IlBtgj horizons,which often are weakly developed, usually havevery fine sandy loam or loam textures and occurjust above the calcareous IICkgj horizons . TheIICkgj horizons have higher silt contents andusually silt loam or very fine sandy loam textures .Distinct or prominent, dark yellowish browntodark brown mottles occur within the profile . Azone of intensive mottling often occurs in thelower part of the sandy materials above the loamymaterials. Soil reaction ranges from strongly acid49
Page 1 and 2: The Soils ofElgin CountyVolume 1Min
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe completion of t
Page 5 and 6: Southwold Soils (SO) . . . . . . .
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF FIGURES1 . Soil map index f
Page 9 and 10: 5. More detailed information for a
Page 11 and 12: Table 1 .Climate data for Elgin Cou
Page 13 and 14: Figure 4.Generalized geologic map o
Page 15 and 16: Table 2.Correlation of major soils
Page 17 and 18: Figure 6.Schematic landscape cross-
Page 19 and 20: HOW THE SOILS WERE MAPPED AND CLASS
Page 21 and 22: of soil profiles and horizons which
Page 23 and 24: GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SOILSSo
Page 25 and 26: Table 3.Soils and land units mapped
Page 27 and 28: Figure 11 .Soil textural groups and
Page 29 and 30: phase (BN.T) soils were mapped in c
Page 31 and 32: underlying fine textured materials
Page 33 and 34: atings for selected special crops a
Page 35 and 36: Conservation tillage practices, par
Page 37 and 38: clay. The Ap horizons commonly have
Page 39 and 40: Gobles soils were frequently mapped
Page 41 and 42: Kelvin soils are susceptible to com
Page 43 and 44: Soil Moisture CharacteristicsMiddle
Page 46 and 47: soils which occur in the eastern po
Page 48 and 49: Bluish gray or gray gley colours ar
Page 52 and 53: to neutral in the Ap horizons, to m
Page 54 and 55: tillage practices, particularly no-
Page 56 and 57: Organic (OR)Organic land units usua
Page 58 and 59: eference and also Publication No .
Page 60 and 61: Procedure :1) Locate the symbols 'B
Page 62 and 63: Table 4.Agricultural alnd capabilit
Page 64 and 65: Soil Suitability ClassesDescription
Page 66 and 67: Procedure:1) Locate the symbols 'BV
Page 68 and 69: Table 6.Agricultural land suitabili
Page 72 and 73: Table 6 .Agricultural land suitabil
Page 76 and 77: Table 6. Agricultural land suitabil
Page 100 and 101:
Table 8.Agricultural land suitabili
Page 102 and 103:
Table 8 .Agricultural land suitabil
Page 104 and 105:
Table 8 .Agricultural land suitabil
Page 106 and 107:
erosion losses will occur . Potenti
Page 108 and 109:
the average annual soil loss using
Page 110 and 111:
Table 9 . Mean K values, K ranges a
Page 112 and 113:
Table 10.LS values for different co
Page 114 and 115:
Table 13.C values for common field
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Table 14 . C values for some field
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Table 16.C values for some common c
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GLOSSARYAlluvium materialBlanketCal
Page 122 and 123:
ProminentmottlesRaised shorelineSoi
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4. Schut, L.W. and W.G. Stevens . 1
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APPENDIX 1Generalized Soil Informat
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BERRIEN SOIL TILL PHASE (BE.T)GENER
Page 130 and 131:
BURFORD SOIL (BU)GENERALIZED PROFIL
Page 132 and 133:
CAMILLA SOIL (CM)GENERALIZED PROFIL
Page 134 and 135:
GOBLES SOIL (GO)GENERALIZED PROFILE
Page 136 and 137:
KELVIN SOIL (KE)GENERALIZED PROFILE
Page 138 and 139:
MAPLEWOOD SOIL - TILL PHASE (MA.T)G
Page 140 and 141:
NORMANDALE SOIL (NO)GENERALIZED PRO
Page 142 and 143:
STRATHBURN SOIL (ST)GENERALIZED PRO
Page 144 and 145:
TOLEDO SOIL - COARSE PHASE (TO.C)GE
Page 146 and 147:
WATTFORD SOIL (WF)GENERALIZED PROFI
Page 148 and 149:
APPENDIX 2Field Identification of S
Page 150 and 151:
5. Proceed to Figure 13 and determi
Page 152 and 153:
Figure 13 : Field Site Key To Ident
Page 154 and 155:
Figure 14 :Field Site Key To Identi
Page 156 and 157:
A iFigure 15 :Field Site Key To Ide
Page 158 and 159:
Figure 16 : Field Site Key To Ident
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The Soils of Elgin County - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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