Symbiotic Fungi: Principles and Practice (Soil Biology)

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14 Micro-PIXE Analysis for Localization and Quantification of Elements 237 b SM P S Cl K Ca Fe Cu Zn 0 High counts Fig. 14.5 (a) Element maps of Viola lutea ssp. westfalica root samples collected at the nonpolluted site. Scan size 250 250 mm 2 . SM – photograph of the sample taken under an optical stereomicroscope. (b) Element maps of Viola lutea ssp. westfalica root samples collected at the metalpolluted site. Scan size 250 250 mm 2 . SM – photograph of the sample taken under an optical stereo-microscope. An arbuscular mycorrhizal structure is indicated by an arrow characteristic X-ray counts (PIXE spectra), proton dose, sample matrix density (cellulose), and thickness of the sample as determined by STIM. The determination of concentrations in selected plant tissues allows one to compare the element distributions in differently treated plants, and/or to assess shifts in element depositions caused by mycorrhization, in a similar way to that described by Scheloske et al. (2004).
Table 14.1 Element concentrations with measurement errors (Stat.err.) and limits of detection (lod) of selected regions within Viola lutea ssp. westfalica roots from the nonpolluted site. Scan size 250 250 mm 2 lod (mg.g 1 ) Whole area Epidermis Cortex Endodermis Vascular tissues Stat.err. lod (%) (mg.g 1 Conc ) (mg.g 1 Stat.err. lod ) (%) (mg.g 1 Conc ) (mg.g 1 Stat.err. lod ) (%) (mg.g 1 Conc ) (mg.g 1 Stat.err. lod ) (%) (mg.g 1 Conc ) (mg.g 1 Stat.err. ) (%) Elements Conc (mg.g 1 ) P 6125 0.57 35.5 1709 4.85 84.0 3197 1.30 61.3 9909 0.58 71.3 9031 0.76 85.8 S 4013 0.49 23.7 2857 1.17 50.0 4726 0.82 45.5 4668 0.93 52.3 3093 1.48 58.5 Cl 2274 0.73 22.0 2903 1.15 46.7 1842 1.69 42.6 2547 1.34 46.0 1429 2.47 52.8 K 26458 0.15 22.0 21443 0.34 56.1 24686 0.34 50.8 33751 0.28 44.5 21786 0.44 49.2 Ca 5293 1.05 98.4 6444 1.18 120.7 4031 1.93 136.9 5638 1.67 166.3 1943 3.84 138.9 Mn 170.2 1.07 2.5 596.5 1.07 7.8 13.8 14.75 3.6 37 6.31 3.8 14.3 18.46 4.7 Fe 3066 0.19 2.3 12111 0.19 8.4 106.3 2.54 2.3 85.5 3.25 3.9 43.5 6.05 3.6 Cu 35.3 3.18 1.6 38.1 7.69 4.7 18.8 10.33 2.4 54.6 4.45 2.0 39.8 6.65 1.7 Zn 65.5 2.21 1.5 139.3 3.08 4.2 35.7 6.34 2.3 29 7.67 1.9 26.9 10.50 2.4 The X-ray spectra corresponding to particular root morphological structures (whole root area, epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and vascular tissues) were extracted from the encircled regions and analysed using GUPIX software
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Soil Biology Volume 18 Series Edito
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Ajit Varma l Amit C. Kharkwal Edito
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Foreword So old, so new... More tha
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Foreword vii Little AE, Robinson CJ
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x Preface work in this challenging
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xii Contents 9 Role of Root Exudate
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Contributors L.K. Abbott School of
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Contributors xvii Falko Feldmann Ju
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Contributors xix K. Nara Asian Natu
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Contributors xxi Marc St-Arnaud Ins
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2 A. Das and A. Varma Fig. 1.1 Type
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4 A. Das and A. Varma the scientifi
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6 A. Das and A. Varma 1.3.2 Symbiot
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8 A. Das and A. Varma all the root
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10 A. Das and A. Varma 1. Such poly
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12 A. Das and A. Varma 1.3.3.9 Nitr
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14 A. Das and A. Varma about 1-2 mm
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16 A. Das and A. Varma fixed nitrog
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18 A. Das and A. Varma Mycorrhizae
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20 A. Das and A. Varma Fig. 1.6 Dia
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22 A. Das and A. Varma a b Root hai
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24 A. Das and A. Varma intracellula
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26 A. Das and A. Varma Becker A, Ni
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28 A. Das and A. Varma Trappe JM, B
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30 A. Jumpponen were once active in
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32 A. Jumpponen GA, USA) to avoid d
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34 A. Jumpponen 2.2.3.6 Cloning, Se
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36 A. Jumpponen Table 2.1 Fungi det
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38 A. Jumpponen of the community st
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40 A. Jumpponen Girvan MS, Bullimor
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42 I.A.F. Djuuna et al. 1991). Crop
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44 I.A.F. Djuuna et al. 3.2.2 Indir
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46 I.A.F. Djuuna et al. Mycorrhiza
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48 I.A.F. Djuuna et al. Boomsma CR,
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50 I.A.F. Djuuna et al. Saito M (19
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52 M. Giovannetti et al. evidenced
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54 M. Giovannetti et al. a c e Ster
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56 M. Giovannetti et al. 4.2.4 Rema
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58 M. Giovannetti et al. a b c Fig.
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60 M. Giovannetti et al. to 4.1 mm
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62 M. Giovannetti et al. The detect
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64 M. Giovannetti et al. Jones MD,
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66 A. Gobert and C. Plassard NO3 fl
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68 A. Gobert and C. Plassard After
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70 A. Gobert and C. Plassard with k
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72 A. Gobert and C. Plassard 10 9 2
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74 A. Gobert and C. Plassard Fig. 5
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76 A. Gobert and C. Plassard connec
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78 A. Gobert and C. Plassard any ti
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80 A. Gobert and C. Plassard Net fl
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82 A. Gobert and C. Plassard a Rati
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84 A. Gobert and C. Plassard - upta
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86 A. Gobert and C. Plassard Table
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88 A. Gobert and C. Plassard Newman
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90 I.M. van Aarle as mycorrhizal hy
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92 I.M. van Aarle a wash buffer. Th
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94 I.M. van Aarle l Usually 20-50 m
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96 I.M. van Aarle Fig. 6.1 Extramat
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98 I.M. van Aarle A disadvantage of
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Chapter 7 In Vitro Compartmented Sy
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7 In Vitro Compartmented Systems to
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Chapter 8 Use of the Autofluorescen
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8 Use of the Autofluorescence Prope
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Chapter 9 Role of Root Exudates and
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9 Role of Root Exudates and Rhizosp
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Chapter 10 Assessing the Mycorrhiza
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10 Assessing the Mycorrhizal Divers
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178 D. Krüger et al. 8. Wash the p
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180 D. Krüger et al. Table 10.1 Ty
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182 D. Krüger et al. appear are in
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288 X.H. He et al. Table 17.1 Exper
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290 X.H. He et al. 17.3.1.1 Comment
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Chapter 18 Analyses of Ecophysiolog
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18 Analyses of Ecophysiological Tra
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308 I. Brito et al. fungi, little i
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310 I. Brito et al. 60% of moisture
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312 I. Brito et al. Thompson 1990;
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314 I. Brito et al. 19.8 Crop Rotat
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316 I. Brito et al. References Abbo
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318 I. Brito et al. Smith SE, Read
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320 F. Feldmann et al. inoculum of
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322 F. Feldmann et al. Table 20.1 B
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324 F. Feldmann et al. transferred
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326 F. Feldmann et al. 20.3.3 The A
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328 F. Feldmann et al. Inoculum is
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330 F. Feldmann et al. Fig. 20.5 Pr
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332 F. Feldmann et al. value for th
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334 F. Feldmann et al. of abiotic a
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336 F. Feldmann et al. Lackie SM, B
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338 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells b
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340 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells M
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342 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells a
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344 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells T
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346 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells d
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348 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells M
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350 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells 2
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352 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells 2
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354 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells C
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356 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells G
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358 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells P
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360 M. Vestberg and A.C. Cassells V
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362 A. Baldi et al. the capabilitie
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364 A. Baldi et al. 22.2.3 Initiati
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366 A. Baldi et al. 2. Place inocul
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368 A. Baldi et al. 22.5 Analysis 2
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370 A. Baldi et al. 22.5.4 Phenylal
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372 A. Baldi et al. Nicholas JB, Jo
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374 A. Baldi et al. Among these, fu
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376 A. Baldi et al. 3. Place one ex
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378 A. Baldi et al. 23.4 Analysis F
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380 A. Baldi et al. Chattopadhyay S
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382 A. Sirrenberg et al. physical c
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384 A. Sirrenberg et al. Fig. 24.1
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390 A. Sirrenberg et al. in Fig. 24
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392 A. Sirrenberg et al. 24.5.2 Tru
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394 K. Haselwandter and G. Winkelma
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404 E. Mohammadi Goltapeh et al. Fi
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406 E. Mohammadi Goltapeh et al. Th
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408 E. Mohammadi Goltapeh et al. 26
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410 E. Mohammadi Goltapeh et al. co
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412 E. Mohammadi Goltapeh et al. Tw
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414 E. Mohammadi Goltapeh et al. Co
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416 E. Mohammadi Goltapeh et al. qu
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418 E. Mohammadi Goltapeh et al. 26
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420 E. Mohammadi Goltapeh et al. Ch
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Index A A. bisporus var. burnettii,
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Index 425 Dark septate root endophy
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Index 427 Leghemoglobin, 11 Lentinu
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Index 429 Proteomics, 244 Protoplas
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Symbiotic Fungi: Principles and Practice (Soil Biology)

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