INSTITUTUL NAÅ¢IONAL DE CERCETARE-DEZVOLTARE - ICECHIM

3. Chemistry in medical and pharmaceutical applications - OBIOTRANSFORMATIONS WAYTO KINETICS REACTIVITY FROM TIMEFlorin M. DumitrescuColegiul Tehnic ,,General David Praporgescu”str. Taberei nr. 2, 145200, Tr. Măgurele – TeleormanBiotransformation is the chemical modification (or modifications) made by an organism on achemical compound. If this modification ends in mineral compounds like CO 2 , NH + 4 or H 2 O,the biotransformation is called mineralisation. Biotransformation means chemical alterationof chemicals such as not limited to amino-acids, toxins, drugs in the body render nonpolarcompounds polar they’re not reabsorbed in renal tubules. Drug metabolism is example of abiotransformation typically the body deals with a foreign compound by making it moresoluble, to increase the rate of its excretion; there are a number of different process that canoccur; the pathways of drug metabolism can be divided into I st , II nd phases. Phase I reactionincludes oxidative, reductive and hydrolytic reactions a polar group is either introduced orunmasked, so the drug molecule becomes more water-soluble and can be excreted. Reactionsare non-synthetic in generally produce water soluble, active metabolites of metabolites aregenerated by hydroxylating Cytochrome P450. Phase II reaction involve covalent attachmentof small polar endogenous molecule such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, or glycine to formwater-soluble compounds as a conjugation reaction final compounds have a larger molecularweight. Functional genomic and metagenomic approaches are increasing our understandingof the relative importance of different pathways and regulatory carbon flux environments andfor particular compounds and they are accelerating the development of bioremediationtechnologies and biotransformation processes - enzymatic biotransformation.Key words: biotransformation, genomic – omic derivates, pharmacokinetics