BROADBAND THAILAND 2015 - Center for Ethics of Science and ...

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ate will rise to 17% of Thai households, significantly lessthan peer nations in Asia which on average will havemore than 30% household penetration. But under theMeaningful Broadband (MB) scenario, the penetrationrate jumps to 74% of Thai individuals (54% ofhouseholds), which would exceed the predicted averagerate of Asian peer nations by 22%.2. GDP BOOST: Drawing from recent World Bank economicregression analysis of this topic, we forecast thatbroadband would contribute just 0.9% to Thailand’s GDPgrowth rate, all other things being equal. That rate wouldbe 2 % per year lower than the GDP spike received by theaverage peer nation, where broadband penetrationwould be higher. Under the MB scenario, the growth ratewould achieve a broadband spike that growsincrementally for each year until it accounts for a largeshare (as much as 3.5%) of GDP.3. INEQUALITY: Meaningful broadband would reverse theUnder the Business asUsual scenario,inequality could worsenby as much as 20% by2015. Under MeaningfulBroadband Scenario,inequality would lessenby 12% by that year.growing gap between wealthy and non-wealthy citizens.Currently Thailand has a higher level of inequality,compared to peer nations. The gap between the highestpaid 20% of the workforce, and the rest of thepopulation, has been widening steadily for the pastdecade as wealth became concentrated in the BMA(Bangkok Metropolitan Area.) According to the “Ginicoefficient” which ranks nations according theirinequality, Thailand has a 0.42 inequality score, comparedMeaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BROADBAND THAILAND 2015 14
to an average of 0.38 for Asian peer nations. 4 Anotherway of showing inequity in Thailand is the gap betweenthe highest paid worker and lowest paid workers. InThailand it is 1:65 (the lowest paid workers make 65times less than the highest paid workers), one of thewidest income gaps in Asia. Under BAU, these scoreswould worsen by about 20% by 2015. In the MB scenario,inequality would decline steadily over five years, reachinga more equitable Gini score of 0.35 (better than thecurrent average for Thailand’s peer nations in Asia). Weforecast that the gap between the earnings of the highestearning 20% and the lowest 20% would be reduced byabout 14%. At last, a reverse emigration from Bangkokto rural villages will exceed those travelling in theopposite direction.4. WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT: Currently, 2.4% of the Thaiworkforce is formally “unemployed.” But the deeperproblem is underemployment in the majority (low-to-midlevel)adult population. According to the NationalStatistical Office, 52% of the workforce currently earnsbetween 3,000 baht and 15,000 baht per month and thisgroup lacks the skills to advance to higher income levels.Many in this category have family members who migratebetween Bangkok and rural villages and a majority haspart-time, temporary or uncertain employment; largeshares of this group are in the informal economy,characterized by barter exchanges. Almost all have cellphones. Therefore, Meaningful Broadband focuses onpromoting entrepreneurship in the low-income (i.e.,4 World Bank conducts annual rankings of companies by their degree of inequality.http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTPOVERTY/EXTPA/0,,contentMDK:20238991~menuPK:492138~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:430367,00.htmlMeaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BROADBAND THAILAND 2015 15
Page 1 and 2: Meaningful Broadband Working GroupC
Page 3 and 4: Meaningful Broadband Working GroupC
Page 8 and 9: 6. PRODUCTIVITY ...................
Page 10 and 11: Thailand’s Stimulus II, “Strong
Page 12 and 13: principles that define the zeitgeis
Page 16 and 17: majority) population, rather than t
Page 18 and 19: goals of the ministry of Science an
Page 20 and 21: METHODOLOGYSince the rise of the di
Page 22 and 23: Access Communication Public Company
Page 24 and 25: INTRODUCTIONIn a Bali Hotel in 2008
Page 26 and 27: First Thailand, Then the WorldThe C
Page 28 and 29: A “Wealth Effect”Behind the Mea
Page 30 and 31: Why Broadband is Crucial?Broadband
Page 32 and 33: Anthropologists are on full alert.
Page 34 and 35: NINE BROADBAND IMPACTSThis section
Page 36 and 37: If Thailand’s government and its
Page 38 and 39: 2. GDP GROWTHSummaryBy drawing upon
Page 40 and 41: The impact would be to grow the pur
Page 42 and 43: 3. INEQUALITYSummaryAlready one of
Page 44 and 45: 2) The income gaps between incomes
Page 46 and 47: Why Broadband May Defy the Kuznets
Page 48 and 49: In MB, the long-sought goals of tra
Page 50 and 51: 5. MICROFINANCESummaryMeaningful Br
Page 52 and 53: Enhance interaction between farm co
Page 54 and 55: peer nations. 85 Recognizing this f
Page 56 and 57: For a full review on Measuring Econ
Page 58 and 59: Kingdom)—suggesting that the comp
Page 60 and 61: Assuming investors become convinced
Page 62 and 63: Thailand would emphasize its role a
Page 64 and 65:
University, Chiang Mai University,
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egarding the 128 billion baht effor
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Finally, the question of whether a
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the government plans for such conce
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Consumer Broadband Connection Growt
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Appendix 2Data sources and charts t
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Thailand 5.2 4.9 2.2 -2.0 -3.2 3.0
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The World Bank, “Information and
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• Per capita GDP in 1980 (GDP80)5
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In 2006, 3.4 percent of the populat
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Relation between the Country ICT Pe
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APPENDIX 3The following chart indic
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Thailand Economic MonitorThe World
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MLD is one of these generalized ine
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APPENDIX 4Labor Force Survey 2009Ba
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APPENDIX 5Global Microscope on the
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APPENDIX 6Malmquist Index 130The Ma
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The chart below links uncertain gov
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The chart below shows that, despite
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The Global Competitiveness Report 2
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APPENDIX 8R&D Expenditure and Gross
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Meaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BRO
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APPENDIX 9For an overview of best p
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Europe: Broadband Stimulus Snapshot
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Thailand’s Stimulus II, “Strong
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Peer to peer learning.Use of blogs,
Page 116 and 117:
Economic Multiplier Impacts:This re
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Informal Economy:This refers to the
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M Factor:This refers to how “mean
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equired to follow restrictions agai
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MEANINGFUL BROADBAND WORKINGGROUP I
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Can’t markets, left to themselves
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How is the Office of the Prime Mini
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