BROADBAND THAILAND 2015 - Center for Ethics of Science and ...

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majority) population, rather than the reduction of formalunemployment per se. Under BAU (when broadbandwould remain concentrated in BMA populations),Stimulus II would only have a marginal impact onboosting entrepreneurship, microcredit and SME growth– major goals of the Thai Ministry of Labor.Under MB, however, broadband would introduce a gamechangingapproach to fulfilling the Minister of Labor’sgoals. In other words, broadband would add to thepurchasing power of the low-income sector by 3% peryear. We forecast that MB will reduce costs andincreasing incomes of the majority population. Newsources of secondary and part-time income would resultfrom mobile data services in which meaningfulinformation not just entertainment would betransmitted. Furthermore, jobs in the broadbandecosystem would stimulate jobs in other sectors, spurringoverall SME growth in the domestic economy.As broadbandpenetration reaches acritical mass (23% ofhouseholds), Thailandcan expect $9 billion innew investments, morethan matchingbroadband investmentsthat will flow to peernations with a similarpopulation.5. MICROFINANCE GROWTH: Currently ranked low ininternational microcredit indexes, microcredit programsin Thailand, such as those of the Bank for Agriculture andAgriculture Cooperatives (BAAC,) would flourish. Underthe influence of MB, microcredit levels would rise 320%to 18 million borrowers. More significantly, microcreditprograms would be integrated into Thailand’s nationalsystems of finance. Broadband could enable subsidizedmicrocredit programs to operate on a for-profit basis andwould enable a large portion of microcredit borrowers totransition into SME status.Meaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BROADBAND THAILAND 2015 16
6. PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH: Ranked near the bottom inAsia productivity indexes, Thailand’s low score wouldactually worsen in BAU, but can be reversed in MB. Thetrigger would be enhanced efficiency in governmentbureaus (as well as integration between bureaus atnational, provincial, and local levels.) In the privatesector, broadband-enabled cloud computing would lowercosts and improve productivity of franchise businesses,spurring growth in the domestic economy.7. INVESTMENT IMPACTS: Since 1998, foreign investmentas a share of total GDP has been declining steadily; thegap in telecommunications investments in Thailandcompared to those of peer nations such as Viet Nam hasbeen growing at an alarming rate. 5 According to BAU,only $3 billions of investment will flow to the Thaitelecom sector by 2015, much less than expected forAsian peer nations which are able to assure mobileoperators of more predictable returns on investments.According to MB, the decline would be reversed. Asbroadband penetration reaches a critical mass (23% ofhouseholds), Thailand can expect $9 billion in newinvestments, more than matching broadbandinvestments that flow to peer nations with a similarpopulation.8. R&D IMPACTS: Under BAU, Thailand would remain animitator, not an innovator. With only 0.26% of GDP (22billion baht) devoted to R&D in 2010, Thailand has amongthe least developed ICT research infrastructures in anymiddle-income developing nation. Under MB, the R&D5 According to interview with Dr. Sakarind Bhumiratana, Director of the National Science and Technology DevelopmentAgency (NSTDA), March 23, 2010.Meaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BROADBAND THAILAND 2015 17
Page 1 and 2: Meaningful Broadband Working GroupC
Page 3 and 4: Meaningful Broadband Working GroupC
Page 8 and 9: 6. PRODUCTIVITY ...................
Page 10 and 11: Thailand’s Stimulus II, “Strong
Page 12 and 13: principles that define the zeitgeis
Page 14 and 15: ate will rise to 17% of Thai househ
Page 18 and 19: goals of the ministry of Science an
Page 20 and 21: METHODOLOGYSince the rise of the di
Page 22 and 23: Access Communication Public Company
Page 24 and 25: INTRODUCTIONIn a Bali Hotel in 2008
Page 26 and 27: First Thailand, Then the WorldThe C
Page 28 and 29: A “Wealth Effect”Behind the Mea
Page 30 and 31: Why Broadband is Crucial?Broadband
Page 32 and 33: Anthropologists are on full alert.
Page 34 and 35: NINE BROADBAND IMPACTSThis section
Page 36 and 37: If Thailand’s government and its
Page 38 and 39: 2. GDP GROWTHSummaryBy drawing upon
Page 40 and 41: The impact would be to grow the pur
Page 42 and 43: 3. INEQUALITYSummaryAlready one of
Page 44 and 45: 2) The income gaps between incomes
Page 46 and 47: Why Broadband May Defy the Kuznets
Page 48 and 49: In MB, the long-sought goals of tra
Page 50 and 51: 5. MICROFINANCESummaryMeaningful Br
Page 52 and 53: Enhance interaction between farm co
Page 54 and 55: peer nations. 85 Recognizing this f
Page 56 and 57: For a full review on Measuring Econ
Page 58 and 59: Kingdom)—suggesting that the comp
Page 60 and 61: Assuming investors become convinced
Page 62 and 63: Thailand would emphasize its role a
Page 64 and 65: University, Chiang Mai University,
Page 66 and 67:
egarding the 128 billion baht effor
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Finally, the question of whether a
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the government plans for such conce
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Consumer Broadband Connection Growt
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Appendix 2Data sources and charts t
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Thailand 5.2 4.9 2.2 -2.0 -3.2 3.0
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The World Bank, “Information and
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• Per capita GDP in 1980 (GDP80)5
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In 2006, 3.4 percent of the populat
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Relation between the Country ICT Pe
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APPENDIX 3The following chart indic
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Thailand Economic MonitorThe World
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MLD is one of these generalized ine
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APPENDIX 4Labor Force Survey 2009Ba
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APPENDIX 5Global Microscope on the
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APPENDIX 6Malmquist Index 130The Ma
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The chart below links uncertain gov
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The chart below shows that, despite
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The Global Competitiveness Report 2
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APPENDIX 8R&D Expenditure and Gross
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Meaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BRO
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APPENDIX 9For an overview of best p
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Europe: Broadband Stimulus Snapshot
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Thailand’s Stimulus II, “Strong
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Peer to peer learning.Use of blogs,
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Economic Multiplier Impacts:This re
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Informal Economy:This refers to the
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M Factor:This refers to how “mean
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equired to follow restrictions agai
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MEANINGFUL BROADBAND WORKINGGROUP I
Page 126 and 127:
Can’t markets, left to themselves
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How is the Office of the Prime Mini
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