BROADBAND THAILAND 2015 - Center for Ethics of Science and ...

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In MB, the long-sought goals of transitioning the Thai workforceinto the knowledge economy may be within reach. Thai KEIrankings may rise to 51 out of 100 nations by 2015 due largely tothe transfer of skills through the combined impact of meaningful“digital convergence,” especially mobile data services which willbring financial management skills to the middle-incomepopulation, of those earning from 3,000-15,000 baht per month.Within ICT industries themselves, 245,000 new jobs will becreated by 2015, and most of these will be“knowledge jobs.” An additional 750,000-1.5 million jobs will becreated through “economic multiplier” impacts as broadbandecosystems trigger consumer spending in the domestic economy.Formal unemployment, now at 2.4 % will decline by 0.2% to 2.2%modestly due to the ‘”broadband bump” in employmentstatistics. More significantly, the problem of underemployment,disguised by formal employment statistics, will be lessened. Asmore upcountry Thai families upgrade to mobile data informationand education services, they will find secondary sources ofincome, just as consumers in advanced nations now generatesupplementary income sources through buying and selling oneBay and Craigslist. Broadband convergence – combiningtelevision, PC, and hand-held devices – will also transmitaptitudes for interactive learning. Consumer interaction withsmart devices could produce smart consumers, enabling aproactive entrepreneurial spirit in the Thai workforce. Hand-helddevices, loaded with meaningful “killer apps,” could bring lifelonglearning to the masses.Meaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BROADBAND THAILAND 2015 48
AnalysisThe employment multiplier impacts are greater in the ICTBroadband-enabled jobshave greater “multiplierimpact” than jobscreated in otherindustries.industries than in other industries. This factor may be particularlytrue in low-income countries, since mobile telephony can moveentire industries into the hinterlands of a nation, such as bringingfinancial services into the “unbanked” regions of a country. Anumber of studies show an impressive job impact from ICTs indeveloping countries. The most dramatic evidence comes fromIndia where two million jobs were created in the ICT sectorbetween 1998 and 2008, boosting the overall level of ICT in GDPfrom 1.2% of GDP to 5.5% of GDP. In Brazil, job growth in the ICTindustry rose six times from 2001 to 2010, according to TheAssociation of Thai ICT Industry. 72Some studies from advanced countries suggest that the “cost” forgovernment to stimulate job growth is less in the ICT sector thanin other industries. For example, the Obama administrationadvocated subsidies for broadband infrastructures using therationale that new jobs in most infrastructure projects, such asbuilding new roads and bridges, would be $50,000 per job.However, the cost per job of broadband infrastructures would beonly a $5,000, since government subsidies would lower costs invertical industries, allowing them to extend their reach into lowincomeor remote parts of the nation.The boost to SME jobs by broadband was a political factor thatcaused politicians to approve broadband infrastructureinvestments which are part of stimulus plans. For example, atimely report by Robert Atkinson 73 indicated that a USgovernment investment of $9 billion would create 949,000 jobs,half of which would be in small business.72 The Association of Thai ICT Industry, www.atci.or.th/download/ThairealstrongorifICTdevelopment.doc73 The Digital Road to Recovery: A Stimulus Plan to Create Jobs, Boost Productivity and Revitalize America, Robert D.Atkinson ,Daniel Castro ,Stephen J. Ezell ,Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, January 7, 2009Meaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BROADBAND THAILAND 2015 49
Page 1 and 2: Meaningful Broadband Working GroupC
Page 3 and 4: Meaningful Broadband Working GroupC
Page 8 and 9: 6. PRODUCTIVITY ...................
Page 10 and 11: Thailand’s Stimulus II, “Strong
Page 12 and 13: principles that define the zeitgeis
Page 14 and 15: ate will rise to 17% of Thai househ
Page 16 and 17: majority) population, rather than t
Page 18 and 19: goals of the ministry of Science an
Page 20 and 21: METHODOLOGYSince the rise of the di
Page 22 and 23: Access Communication Public Company
Page 24 and 25: INTRODUCTIONIn a Bali Hotel in 2008
Page 26 and 27: First Thailand, Then the WorldThe C
Page 28 and 29: A “Wealth Effect”Behind the Mea
Page 30 and 31: Why Broadband is Crucial?Broadband
Page 32 and 33: Anthropologists are on full alert.
Page 34 and 35: NINE BROADBAND IMPACTSThis section
Page 36 and 37: If Thailand’s government and its
Page 38 and 39: 2. GDP GROWTHSummaryBy drawing upon
Page 40 and 41: The impact would be to grow the pur
Page 42 and 43: 3. INEQUALITYSummaryAlready one of
Page 44 and 45: 2) The income gaps between incomes
Page 46 and 47: Why Broadband May Defy the Kuznets
Page 50 and 51: 5. MICROFINANCESummaryMeaningful Br
Page 52 and 53: Enhance interaction between farm co
Page 54 and 55: peer nations. 85 Recognizing this f
Page 56 and 57: For a full review on Measuring Econ
Page 58 and 59: Kingdom)—suggesting that the comp
Page 60 and 61: Assuming investors become convinced
Page 62 and 63: Thailand would emphasize its role a
Page 64 and 65: University, Chiang Mai University,
Page 66 and 67: egarding the 128 billion baht effor
Page 68 and 69: Finally, the question of whether a
Page 70 and 71: the government plans for such conce
Page 72 and 73: Consumer Broadband Connection Growt
Page 74 and 75: Appendix 2Data sources and charts t
Page 76 and 77: Thailand 5.2 4.9 2.2 -2.0 -3.2 3.0
Page 78 and 79: The World Bank, “Information and
Page 80 and 81: • Per capita GDP in 1980 (GDP80)5
Page 82 and 83: In 2006, 3.4 percent of the populat
Page 84 and 85: Relation between the Country ICT Pe
Page 86 and 87: APPENDIX 3The following chart indic
Page 88 and 89: Thailand Economic MonitorThe World
Page 90 and 91: MLD is one of these generalized ine
Page 92 and 93: APPENDIX 4Labor Force Survey 2009Ba
Page 94 and 95: APPENDIX 5Global Microscope on the
Page 96 and 97: APPENDIX 6Malmquist Index 130The Ma
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The chart below links uncertain gov
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The chart below shows that, despite
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The Global Competitiveness Report 2
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APPENDIX 8R&D Expenditure and Gross
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Meaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BRO
Page 108 and 109:
APPENDIX 9For an overview of best p
Page 110 and 111:
Europe: Broadband Stimulus Snapshot
Page 112 and 113:
Thailand’s Stimulus II, “Strong
Page 114 and 115:
Peer to peer learning.Use of blogs,
Page 116 and 117:
Economic Multiplier Impacts:This re
Page 118 and 119:
Informal Economy:This refers to the
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M Factor:This refers to how “mean
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equired to follow restrictions agai
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MEANINGFUL BROADBAND WORKINGGROUP I
Page 126 and 127:
Can’t markets, left to themselves
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How is the Office of the Prime Mini
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