Anthropologists are on full alert. “Broadb<strong>and</strong> will one day matchFew governments havethe expertise to re-shapetheir model <strong>of</strong>telecommunications sothat it absorbs <strong>and</strong>shapes innovations thatmay arrive through NextGeneration Networks inthe future.or exceed the persuasive influence <strong>of</strong> culture itself,” says Intel’sAdrian Forte. 23 Indeed, it may be used to rein<strong>for</strong>ce – or competewith – the values transmitted by family, religion, <strong>and</strong> community.Spiritual traditions, carefully transmitted <strong>for</strong> centuries, <strong>and</strong>imbedded in robust cultures, could be ignored under thepervasive influence <strong>of</strong> digital convergence – or perhaps theopposite could occur. These same traditions could bestrengthened by broadb<strong>and</strong>. 24 Contemplating this potentialimpact, it is clear that the case <strong>for</strong> broadb<strong>and</strong> incorporatesfundamental concerns about national sovereignty as well ashuman identity. 25Few governments have the expertise to re-shape their model <strong>of</strong>telecommunications so that it absorbs <strong>and</strong> shapes innovationsthat may arrive through Next Generation Networks in the future.Robert Pepper, Vice President <strong>of</strong> Global Technology Policy <strong>of</strong>Cisco Systems, makes the point that broadb<strong>and</strong> requires turningupside down the fundamentals that shaped thetelecommunications industry each country has inherited fromits past:“In virtually every country around the globe, the telephoneindustry was organized around five central concepts: the primaryservice is voice, the minute is the best metric <strong>for</strong> billing,regulation <strong>and</strong> measurement; pricing is sensitive to duration <strong>of</strong>the call, <strong>and</strong> pricing is sensitive to the distance between callers.None <strong>of</strong> these conditions apply to broadb<strong>and</strong> use. The only23 Interview at Intel Research, Portl<strong>and</strong>, Oregon USA, December 14, 200824 For an analysis <strong>of</strong> how digital technology is increasingly able to influence one’s sense <strong>of</strong> “self” <strong>and</strong> “other,” see the MITInitiative on Technology <strong>and</strong> Self (http://web.mit.edu/sturkle/techself/) <strong>and</strong> the research <strong>of</strong> its founder, Pr<strong>of</strong> Sherry Turkle.25 The sovereignty issue is increasingly being used by nations as a rationale <strong>for</strong> the need <strong>for</strong> explicit broadb<strong>and</strong> policies. Inthe new literature on broadb<strong>and</strong>, telecommunications is regarded, not just as a “strategic” industry, but one that controlsbehavior. This rationale that was used successfully by leaders in South Korea who advocated <strong>for</strong> an approach to broadb<strong>and</strong>deployment that would enable Republic <strong>of</strong> Korea to retain sovereignty over its communications vis a vis its rival, Japan. Seehttp://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FGI/is_9_16/ai_n27869486/Meaningful Broadb<strong>and</strong> Report 2.0 <strong>BROADBAND</strong> <strong>THAILAND</strong> <strong>2015</strong> 32
similarity between the telephone <strong>and</strong> broadb<strong>and</strong> markets is thecapital expenditures needed to create the foundational network.Fixed broadb<strong>and</strong> networks still require digging ditches <strong>and</strong>hanging wires, <strong>and</strong> the civil engineering costs can be penciled inat a fairly constant rate. But even this similarity is fading as aresult <strong>of</strong> the advent <strong>of</strong> high-speed wireless technologies, whichpromise to drastically reduce capital costs <strong>for</strong> access networks,<strong>and</strong> exp<strong>and</strong> the range <strong>of</strong> options available to locations <strong>and</strong>communities.” 26As Pepper’s comment implied, low-income nations must achievea Big Push to reshape their telecommunications systems to fit thenew realities <strong>of</strong> broadb<strong>and</strong>. To do that political will is needed.Government leaders must underst<strong>and</strong> the optimal benefits theycan achieve through broadb<strong>and</strong> – <strong>and</strong> the severe damage to theireconomies that can occur if they ignore this matter. Noting that“economic stimulus” is currently driving budget priorities inThail<strong>and</strong>, the secretariat <strong>of</strong> Meaningful Broadb<strong>and</strong> WorkingGroup determined that the best way to move broadb<strong>and</strong> high onthe national agenda is to show how broadb<strong>and</strong> could enable thegovernment’s own goals <strong>for</strong> macroeconomic trans<strong>for</strong>mation.26 http://www.broadb<strong>and</strong>.gov/docs/ws_int_lessons/ws_int_lessons_pepper.pdfMeaningful Broadb<strong>and</strong> Report 2.0 <strong>BROADBAND</strong> <strong>THAILAND</strong> <strong>2015</strong> 33
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- Page 24 and 25: INTRODUCTIONIn a Bali Hotel in 2008
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In 2006, 3.4 percent of the populat
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Relation between the Country ICT Pe
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APPENDIX 3The following chart indic
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Thailand Economic MonitorThe World
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MLD is one of these generalized ine
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APPENDIX 4Labor Force Survey 2009Ba
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APPENDIX 5Global Microscope on the
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APPENDIX 6Malmquist Index 130The Ma
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The chart below links uncertain gov
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The chart below shows that, despite
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The Global Competitiveness Report 2
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APPENDIX 8R&D Expenditure and Gross
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Meaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BRO
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APPENDIX 9For an overview of best p
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Europe: Broadband Stimulus Snapshot
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Thailand’s Stimulus II, “Strong
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Peer to peer learning.Use of blogs,
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Economic Multiplier Impacts:This re
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Informal Economy:This refers to the
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M Factor:This refers to how “mean
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equired to follow restrictions agai
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MEANINGFUL BROADBAND WORKINGGROUP I
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Can’t markets, left to themselves
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How is the Office of the Prime Mini